哲学

The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, ethics, and reason. Chinese philosophy developed its own rich traditions largely independent of Western thought. The Three Teachings (三教) — Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism — form the pillars of Chinese philosophical tradition. Chinese philosophy emphasizes practical ethics, social harmony, and the cultivation of personal virtue over metaphysical abstraction.

“儒家、道家和佛家构成了中国哲学的三大支柱，深刻影响了中国文化和社会。”

In English: “Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism form the three pillars of Chinese philosophy, profoundly influencing Chinese culture and society.”