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Consumer Rights

/kənˈsjuːmər raɪts/

Consumer Law Term

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Definition

Legal rights protecting individuals who purchase goods and services for personal use. Governed in India by the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 (which replaced the 1986 Act). Consumers can file complaints before the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC), State Commissions, and District Commissions. Rights include: right to safety, right to be informed, right to choose, right to be heard, right to seek redressal, and right to consumer education.

Examples

A customer who buys a defective refrigerator can file a complaint before the District Consumer Commission seeking replacement or refund — no need to hire a lawyer.
A patient who pays for a medical procedure and suffers due to doctor's negligence is a 'consumer' of medical services — the doctor can be proceeded against before the Consumer Commission.

Case Study

In Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha (1995), the Supreme Court held that medical services are 'services' under the Consumer Protection Act and doctors/hospitals can be proceeded against for deficiency in service. This opened Consumer Courts to medical negligence claims alongside civil suits.

Key Cases

Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha

1995

(1995) 6 SCC 651

Medical services fall under Consumer Protection Act. Doctors and hospitals liable for deficiency in service before Consumer Commissions. Opened consumer forum to medical negligence claimants alongside civil courts.

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Also Known As

consumer protection

Synonyms

consumer protectionbuyer rightsconsumer law rights

Antonyms / Opposites

caveat emptorno consumer protection

Related Terms

Consumer Protection Act 2019NCDRCdeficiency in serviceunfair trade practiceproduct liability

Dictionary Entry

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