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Coparcenary

/koʊˈpɑːrsəˌnɛri/

Hindu Law Term

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Definition

A concept under Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) law — a smaller body within the joint family consisting of the male owner and the next three generations of male lineal descendants. The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 made daughters coparceners by birth, with the same rights as sons including the right to claim partition and become the Karta (manager) of the HUF. A coparcener has an undivided interest in coparcenary property that can be disposed of by Will.

Examples

A grandfather, his son, grandson, and great-grandson form a coparcenary. All have equal undivided interests in coparcenary property — none can alienate without others' consent.
After the 2005 Amendment, a daughter born before or after 2005 is a coparcener by birth — she can claim partition of HUF property equal to a son's share.

Case Study

In Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma (2020), a Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court held that the 2005 Amendment gives daughters coparcenary rights by birth — even if the father died before the 2005 Amendment came into force. This resolved a long-standing conflict between High Court decisions and established women's equal coparcenary rights.

Key Cases

Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma

2020

(2020) 9 SCC 1

Constitution Bench. Daughters are coparceners by birth under the 2005 Amendment even if the father died before 2005. Overruled conflicting High Court decisions. Landmark gender-equal property rights judgment.

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Also Known As

Hindu coparcenaryjoint Hindu family

Synonyms

joint Hindu familyundivided Hindu familyHindu coparcenary family

Antonyms / Opposites

separate propertyself-acquired property

Related Terms

Hindu Succession Act 1956Hindu Succession Amendment 2005HUFjoint family propertypartitionKarta

Dictionary Entry

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