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Plaint and Written Statement

/pleɪnt ænd ˈrɪtən ˈsteɪtmənt/

Civil Procedure Term

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Definition

A plaint is the pleading filed by the plaintiff to initiate a civil suit — it must state the facts constituting the cause of action, the relief claimed, and the court's jurisdiction. A written statement is the defendant's pleading in response — denying or admitting the plaintiff's claims and raising any counterclaims or defences. Governed by Orders VI, VII, and VIII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.

Examples

A landlord suing a tenant for eviction files a plaint before the Civil Court stating the tenancy, breach, and relief sought. The tenant files a written statement denying the breach and claiming protection under rent control law.
A written statement must raise all defences — if a specific defence is not raised in the written statement, it may be deemed waived (Order VIII Rule 4 CPC).

Case Study

In Balraj Tanwar v. Omvati (1992), the Supreme Court held that once a plaint is rejected under Order VII Rule 11 CPC (for not disclosing a cause of action), the entire suit is dismissed — but the plaintiff may file a fresh suit if within limitation, as rejection is not a decision on the merits. Courts must carefully scrutinise the plaint as a whole before rejecting it.

Key Cases

Sopan Sukhdeo Sable v. Assistant Charity Commissioner

2004

(2004) 3 SCC 137

Courts must read the plaint as a whole and charitably before rejecting under Order VII Rule 11. Rejection of plaint is not a decision on merits — a fresh suit (if within limitation) is maintainable.

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Also Known As

pleadingsstatement of claim

Synonyms

statement of claimpetitionreply statementpleadings

Antonyms / Opposites

ex parte proceedingsuncontested suit

Related Terms

Code of Civil Procedure 1908Order VII CPCOrder VIII CPCcause of actiondecreepleadings

Dictionary Entry

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