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Void Agreement

/vɔɪd əˈɡriːmənt/

Contract Law Term

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Definition

An agreement not enforceable by law from the very beginning — a complete nullity with no legal effect. Section 2(g) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 defines it. Examples: agreements without consideration, in restraint of trade (Section 27), in restraint of marriage, by incompetent parties (minors, persons of unsound mind), and agreements with unlawful objects (Section 23).

Examples

An agreement to share profits from illegal gambling is void — unlawful object. Courts will not enforce it or restore parties to their original position.
A minor's agreement to sell property is void ab initio — the minor can disaffirm at any time; courts treat it as if it never existed.

Case Study

In Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose (1903), the Privy Council held that a mortgage by a minor is void ab initio — the lender cannot recover even on equitable grounds. A minor's contract is completely void, not merely voidable.

Key Cases

Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose

1903

(1903) ILR 30 Cal 539 (PC)

A minor's agreement is void ab initio — not voidable. The minor is not liable even to restore consideration received. Still the leading Indian authority on minors and contracts.

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Also Known As

null agreementunenforceable agreement

Synonyms

invalid agreementunenforceable contractnull agreement

Antonyms / Opposites

valid contractvoidable contract

Related Terms

voidable contractillegal agreementSection 2(g) Contract Actminor's agreementSection 23 Contract Act

Dictionary Entry

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