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Voidable Contract

/ˈvɔɪdəbəl ˈkɒntrækt/

Contract Law Term

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Definition

A contract that is valid and binding unless the aggrieved party elects to avoid (rescind) it. Under Section 2(i) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, it is enforceable at the option of one or more parties. Contracts induced by coercion (Section 15), undue influence (Section 16), fraud (Section 17), or misrepresentation (Section 18) are voidable at the option of the party whose consent was not freely given.

Examples

A person who signs a contract under threat of violence can rescind it. If they ratify it after the threat is removed, it becomes fully binding.
A buyer deceived by a seller's fraudulent misrepresentation about land title can rescind the sale and recover the purchase price.

Case Study

The Privy Council in Wajid Khan v. Raja Ewaz Ali Khan (1891) held that a transaction by a grantor of advanced age influenced by his confidential agent was voidable for undue influence — establishing the presumption of undue influence in fiduciary relationships in Indian law.

Key Cases

Wajid Khan v. Raja Ewaz Ali Khan

1891

(1891) 18 IA 144 (PC)

Established presumption of undue influence in fiduciary relationships. Transaction voidable for undue influence where dominant party takes unconscionable advantage. Early foundational authority on Section 16 Contract Act.

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Synonyms

defeasible contractavoidable contractcontestable contract

Antonyms / Opposites

void agreementvalid contract

Related Terms

void agreementfree consentcoercionundue influencefraudmisrepresentationSection 19 Contract Act

Dictionary Entry

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