🎯 Purpose — ఉద్దేశ్యం
Indian Constitution — fundamental document, rights, duties, structure of governance.
పాఠం— Lesson
భారత రాజ్యాంగం (Indian Constitution)
— adopted November 26, 1949, enforced January 26, 1950 (Republic Day). Longest written constitution in world — originally 395 articles, 22 parts, 8 schedules; today 470+ articles, 25 parts, 12 schedules. Drafting Committee chairman: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Father of Indian Constitution). 299 members, 2 years 11 months 18 days to draft. Calligraphed by Prem Behari Narain Raizada (no printing — handwritten); illustrations by Nandalal Bose. Key features: (1) Preamble — "We, The People of India... SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC"; (2) Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12-35) — Right to Equality, Freedom, Against Exploitation, Religious Freedom, Cultural-Educational, Constitutional Remedies; (3) Directive Principles (Part IV) — guidelines for state; (4) Fundamental Duties (Part IVA, Article 51A) — added 1976, 11 duties. Structure: Parliament (Lok Sabha 543 + Rajya Sabha 245) + Supreme Court + President + State Legislatures. Amendments: 105+ since 1950. Borrowed features: UK (parliamentary), USA (judicial review, fundamental rights), Ireland (DPSP), Canada (federation). Original copies preserved in Parliament library, helium-filled cases.
Flash Cards— పదాల కార్డులు
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కథ
Infographics— ఇన్ఫోగ్రాఫిక్స్
2 visualsConstitution Facts
Adopted Nov 26, 1949
Enforced Jan 26, 1950 (Republic Day)
Longest written constitution worldwide
470+ articles, 25 parts, 12 schedules
105+ amendments to date
Originally 395 articles, 22 parts
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Quotes & sayings— మాటలు, పద్యాలు, సూక్తులు
Constitution is not a mere lawyers' document, it is a vehicle of life, and its spirit is always the spirit of the age.
—Constitution = vehicle of life.
జనతా గణతంత్రం
janataa gaNataMtraM
—People's republic.
Educate, Agitate, Organize.
—Path to social justice.
🙏 Dedication
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Drafting Committee chairman); Dr. Rajendra Prasad (Constituent Assembly President); Jawaharlal Nehru (drafted Preamble); Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (states integration); 299 Constituent Assembly members; Prem Behari Raizada (calligrapher); Nandalal Bose (illustrator); ప్రతి citizen — ఈ rajyaangam owner. **సత్యమేవ జయతే**.