ఆపరేటింగ్ సిస్టమ్‌లు

Adi Shankaracharya (ఆది శంకరాచార్య)

— 788-820 CE; lived 32 years; born Kaladi Kerala; Brahmin by birth; Advaita Vedanta (pure non-dualism) systematizer; revived Hinduism amid Buddhism dominance. Sannyasa age 8 with mother's consent. Disciples Padmapada-Sureshvaracharya-Hastamalaka-Totaka = 4 main shishyas. Composed in 32 years: (1) Brahma Sutra Bhashya (commentary on Brahma Sutras); (2) Bhagavad Gita Bhashya; (3) 10 Upanishad Bhashyas; (4) Vivekachudamani (Crest-Jewel of Discrimination); (5) Bhaja Govindam (devotional); (6) Soundarya Lahari (devotional Devi); (7) Atma Bodha; (8) Tattva Bodha; (9) Stotras Bhaja Govindam, Annapurna Stotra, Lakshmi Nrisimha Stotra; 300+ works in 32 years! Doctrine: Brahman alone real; world Maya (illusion); Atma = Brahman; Aham Brahmasmi (I am Brahman) realized. Pure monism. Founded 4 Mathas (monasteries) at 4 corners India to preserve Hindu dharma: (1) Sringeri Sharada Peetham Karnataka (south); (2) Dwaraka Peeth Gujarat (west); (3) Jyotir Math Badrinath Uttarakhand (north); (4) Govardhan Math Puri Odisha (east). Each Matha headed by Shankaracharya (his lineage); current Shankaracharyas living 21st century. Famous debates — defeated Mandana Mishra (Karma Mimamsa scholar Bihar) in marathon debate; Mandana's wife Ubhaya Bharati arbitrated; tied because Shankara had no marital experience! Took 6 months break, debated again, won. Bhaja Govindam song — composed when saw old man memorizing Sanskrit grammar instead of devotion: "Bhaja Govindam, Bhaja Govindam, Govindam Bhaja Mooḍha mate" (sing Govinda, fool of intellect). Famous quote: "Brahma satyam, jagat mithya, jivo brahmaiva naparah" — Brahman real, world illusion, soul = Brahman. Shiva avatar in Hindu tradition. Telugu connection: visited Sringeri Karnataka many times; influenced Telugu Vedanta tradition; Kanchi Mutt Tamil Nadu offshoot; Vidyaranya Sringeri founded Vijayanagara empire 1336.