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Tyagaraja (త్యాగరాజు)

— 1767-1847 CE; lived 80 years; born Tiruvarur Tamil Nadu (Telugu Brahmin family); One of Carnatic Trinity (with Muthuswami Dikshitar + Syama Sastri 18th c.); supreme Rama-bhakta; composed ~700+ Telugu kritis (also some Sanskrit) all dedicated to Lord Rama. Family: father Ramabrahmam scholar; mother Sitamma; wife Parvathi (died early); spent life in bhakti rejecting royal patronage. Famous turn-down moment: King of Tanjavur Sarfoji II offered gold + land for songs in king's name; Tyagaraja refused — composed "నిధి చాల సుఖమా రాముని సన్నిధి సేవ సుఖమా" (Wealth or service to Rama — which gives more happiness?) — chose Rama. Pancharatna Kriti (Five Jewels) — supreme set of 5 kritis sung at his Aradhana every January 9 Tiruvaiyaru: (1) "జగదానంద కారక" (Joy of the world — Nata raga); (2) "దుడుకు గల" (Bold — Gowla raga); (3) "సాధించెనే" (He has achieved — Arabhi raga); (4) "కనకన రుచిర" (Sweeter and sweeter — Varali raga); (5) "ఎందరో మహానుభావులు" (Many great souls — Sri raga; most famous; played at MS Subbulakshmi UN Concert 1966). Tyagaraja Aradhana — every year January 9 Tiruvaiyaru TN; 5000+ musicians chant Pancharatna Kriti simultaneously; world's largest classical music gathering. Themes: Rama-bhakti supreme; surrender, simplicity, bhakti over knowledge-ritual; Telugu language. Disciples: Walajapet Venkataramana Bhagavatar, Tillaisthanam Rama Iyengar, Manambuchavadi Venkatasubbier, Umayalpuram Krishna Bhagavatar; over 700 disciples. Tyagaraja's Samadhi — Tiruvaiyaru bank Cauvery river; pilgrimage site. Compared to Mira Bai/Kabir — same ecstatic devotion stream. Disciple line preserved kritis 200+ years; modern Carnatic learners begin with Tyagaraja kritis. Telugu pride: Tyagaraja's Telugu compositions = supreme Telugu literary achievement; Pancharatna Kriti National Treasure.