Thermodynamic Efficiency
The ratio of useful work output to total energy input in a thermodynamic process.
Also: Carnot efficiency · thermal efficiency
Definition
Thermodynamic efficiency is the ratio of useful work or energy extracted from a system to the total energy input, expressed as a percentage. The Carnot efficiency sets the theoretical maximum for any heat engine operating between two temperatures. Real systems are always less efficient due to friction, heat losses, and irreversibilities. Improving thermodynamic efficiency is a central challenge in mechanical and chemical engineering.
Example
“A modern combined-cycle power plant achieves about 60% thermodynamic efficiency by first burning natural gas in a gas turbine, then capturing exhaust heat to run a steam turbine, far exceeding a simple steam plant's 35% efficiency.”
Synonyms
- thermal efficiency
- heat engine efficiency
- Carnot efficiency
Antonyms / Opposites
- inefficiency
- energy waste
Images
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Related Terms
- Thermodynamics
- Carnot Cycle
- Heat Engine
- Entropy