Recursion
A programming technique where a function calls itself to solve smaller instances of a problem.
Definition
Recursion is a programming and mathematical technique where a function or algorithm calls itself with a smaller or simpler input to solve a problem, breaking it into subproblems of the same type until reaching a base case. Every recursive algorithm requires at least one base case to prevent infinite loops. Recursion is naturally suited to problems with a recursive structure, such as tree traversal, fractal generation, and divide-and-conquer algorithms.
Example
“Computing the factorial of 5 recursively calls factorial(4), which calls factorial(3), continuing until factorial(1) returns 1, then the results multiply back up through the call stack to give 120.”
Usage Examples
- 1
“The team applied recursion best practices to improve their computer science outcomes significantly.”
- 2
“Understanding recursion is essential for anyone building a career in STEM.”
When & How to Use
Use 'Recursion' when working in Computer Science contexts where recursion is a programming and mathematical technique where a function or algorithm calls itself with a smaller or simpler input to solve a problem, breaking it into subproblems of the same type until reaching a base case.
- ▸Applying recursion principles during a computer science project or initiative
- ▸Explaining recursion to a junior team member or stakeholder unfamiliar with STEM
- ▸Evaluating options or proposals using recursion as a decision-making criterion
Etymology & Origin
The term 'Recursion' derives from professional usage and entered STEM professional usage as the field formalised in the 20th century.
History & Evolution
The concept of recursion has evolved alongside STEM. Early practitioners relied on informal methods; structured approaches emerged with the professionalisation of computer science in the mid-20th century. Today, recursion is a standard part of STEM practice globally.
Synonyms
- self-referential function
- recursive function
- divide-and-conquer
Antonyms / Opposites
- iteration
- iterative loop
Images
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Related Terms
- Algorithm
- Binary Tree
- Stack
- Dynamic Programming