Cryptography
The science of securing information by transforming it into an unreadable format.
Definition
Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for securing communication and information by transforming readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable form (ciphertext) using algorithms and keys, so that only authorized parties can access the original data. Modern cryptography encompasses symmetric encryption, asymmetric (public-key) encryption, hash functions, and digital signatures. It is foundational to secure internet communications, banking, and data privacy.
Example
“When you visit a website with HTTPS, your browser and the server use asymmetric cryptography to securely exchange a symmetric encryption key, then encrypt all data transferred between them so that interceptors cannot read your passwords or credit card numbers.”
Usage Examples
- 1
“The team applied cryptography best practices to improve their computer science outcomes significantly.”
- 2
“Understanding cryptography is essential for anyone building a career in STEM.”
When & How to Use
Use 'Cryptography' when working in Computer Science contexts where cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for securing communication and information by transforming readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable form (ciphertext) using algorithms and keys, so that only authorized parties can access the original data.
- ▸Applying cryptography principles during a computer science project or initiative
- ▸Explaining cryptography to a junior team member or stakeholder unfamiliar with STEM
- ▸Evaluating options or proposals using cryptography as a decision-making criterion
Etymology & Origin
The term 'Cryptography' derives from professional usage and entered STEM professional usage as the field formalised in the 20th century.
History & Evolution
The concept of cryptography has evolved alongside STEM. Early practitioners relied on informal methods; structured approaches emerged with the professionalisation of computer science in the mid-20th century. Today, cryptography is a standard part of STEM practice globally.
Synonyms
- encryption science
- cipher science
- data security science
Antonyms / Opposites
- plaintext communication
- unencrypted communication
Images
CC-licensed · free to useVideo
Related Terms
- Encryption
- Prime Number
- Public Key Infrastructure
- Hash Function