Bahasa Indonesia(Indonesian)

/undang-undang dasar/

Constitution: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/demokrasi/

Democracy: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/keadilan/

Justice: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/parlemen/

Parliament: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/hak dasar/

Fundamental Rights: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/mahkamah agung/

Supreme Court: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/ekonomi/

Economy: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/pajak/

Tax: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/inflasi/

Inflation: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/PDB/

GDP: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/pemilihan umum/

Election: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/korupsi/

Corruption: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/pendidikan/

Education: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/kesehatan/

Health: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/pertanian/

Agriculture: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/industri/

Industry: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/kebebasan/

Freedom: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/kesetaraan/

Equality: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/lingkungan/

Environment: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/budaya/

Culture: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/bahasa/

Language: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/sejarah/

History: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/politik/

Politics: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/anggaran/

Budget: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/kemiskinan/

Poverty: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/populasi/

Population: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/keadilan sosial/

Social Justice: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/kewarganegaraan/

Citizenship: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/pembangunan/

Development: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/kedaulatan/

Sovereignty: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/diplomasi/

Diplomacy: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/hak asasi manusia/

Human Rights: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/pembangunan berkelanjutan/

Sustainable Development: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/globalisasi/

Globalisation: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/inovasi/

Innovation: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/teknologi/

Technology: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/perserikatan bangsa-bangsa/

United Nations: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/reformasi/

Reform: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/perdamaian/

Peace: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/keberagaman/

Diversity: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/perdagangan/

Trade: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/investasi/

Investment: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/pengangguran/

Unemployment: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/kebijakan fiskal/

Fiscal Policy: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/kebijakan moneter/

Monetary Policy: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/pemisahan kekuasaan/

Separation of Powers: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/negara kesejahteraan/

Welfare State: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/presiden/

President: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/perdana menteri/

Prime Minister: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/federalisme/

Federalism: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/halo/

A casual greeting used at any time of day.

/selamat pagi/

A morning greeting; selamat plus a time of day forms most greetings.

/selamat malam/

A greeting used at night.

/selamat tidur/

Said before going to bed, literally safe sleep.

/selamat tinggal/

A farewell said by the person leaving; the one staying says selamat jalan.

/sampai jumpa/

A casual way to say goodbye, literally until we meet.

/terima kasih/

The standard expression of gratitude, literally receive love.

/sama-sama/

The standard reply to thanks, literally same-same.

/maaf/

An apology, also used to get someone's attention politely.

/ya/

An affirmative answer.

/tidak/

A negative answer; also negates verbs and adjectives.

/apa kabar/

A common greeting question, literally what news.

/baik/

Good or well; the standard reply to apa kabar.

/nama saya/

Used to introduce yourself by name.

/senang bertemu/

Said when meeting someone for the first time.

/selamat datang/

Used to welcome guests or new arrivals.

/semoga berhasil/

A wish for success, literally may you succeed.

/saya tidak mengerti/

A useful phrase for learners when something is unclear.

/satu/

The number one.

/dua/

The number two.

/tiga/

The number three.

/empat/

The number four.

/lima/

The number five.

/enam/

The number six.

/tujuh/

The number seven.

/delapan/

The number eight.

/sembilan/

The number nine.

/sepuluh/

The number ten.

/seratus/

The number one hundred.

/seribu/

The number one thousand; Indonesia is the land of a thousand islands and more.

/hari ini/

The present day.

/besok/

The day after today.

/kemarin/

The day before today.

/sekarang/

At the present moment.

/jam/

An hour, a clock, or the time of day.

/menit/

A period of sixty seconds.

/minggu/

A period of seven days; capitalized, Minggu means Sunday.

/tahun/

A period of twelve months.

/keluarga/

A group of people related by blood or marriage.

/ibu/

A female parent; also a polite title for women.

/ayah/

A male parent; bapak is also used and doubles as Mr.

/kakak/

An older brother or sister; gender is added if needed.

/adik/

A younger brother or sister.

/anak laki-laki/

A male child.

/anak perempuan/

A female child.

/kakek/

The father of your parent.

/nenek/

The mother of your parent.

/suami/

The man a woman is married to.

/istri/

The woman a man is married to.

/anak/

A young person, or someone's son or daughter.

/teman/

A person you know well and like.

/laki-laki/

An adult male person.

/perempuan/

An adult female person.

/guru/

A person who teaches.

/murid/

A person who studies at school.

/tetangga/

A person who lives next to or near you.

/air/

The clear liquid essential for life.

/teh/

A drink made from tea leaves; sweet iced tea, es teh manis, is everywhere.

/kopi/

A drink made from coffee beans; Indonesia grows world-famous coffee.

/nasi/

The staple food; nasi goreng, fried rice, is the national dish.

/mie/

Noodles; mie goreng is fried noodles, a street-food favorite.

/roti/

A baked food made from flour and water.

/daging/

The flesh of animals eaten as food.

/ayam/

A chicken, or chicken meat; ayam goreng is fried chicken.

/ikan/

An animal that lives in water, eaten as food.

/telur/

An egg laid by a hen, a common breakfast food.

/sayur/

Plants grown for food; gado-gado is a famous vegetable dish.

/buah/

Sweet plant foods; Indonesia grows wonderful tropical fruit.

/mangga/

A sweet tropical fruit.

/susu/

A white drink produced by cows.

/jus/

A drink made from pressed fruit; jus alpukat, avocado juice, is a favorite.

/gula/

A sweet substance added to food and drinks.

/garam/

A white substance used to season food.

/sarapan/

The first meal of the day.

/makan siang/

The meal eaten in the middle of the day.

/makan malam/

The meal eaten in the evening.

/bandara/

A place where airplanes take off and land.

/pesawat/

A flying vehicle; essential for island-hopping in Indonesia.

/kereta/

A connected line of carriages that runs on rails.

/stasiun/

A place where trains stop for passengers.

/bus/

A large road vehicle that carries many passengers.

/taksi/

A car you pay to be driven somewhere in.

/ojek/

The motorbike taxi, now mostly ordered through apps like Gojek.

/hotel/

A place where travelers pay to stay overnight.

/restoran/

A place where you pay to eat meals; a small eatery is a warung.

/kota/

A large town where many people live and work.

/desa/

A small settlement in the countryside.

/jalan/

A road; jalan-jalan means to go for a stroll.

/paspor/

An official document needed for traveling abroad.

/tiket/

A piece of paper that allows you to travel or enter a place.

/peta/

A drawing showing streets, cities, or countries.

/bank/

A place where people keep and borrow money.

/pasar/

A place where goods are sold; traditional markets are the heart of town life.

/pantai/

A sandy shore by the sea; Bali's beaches are world-famous.

/perjalanan/

The act of traveling to a place.

/matahari/

The star that gives Earth light and warmth, literally eye of the day.

/bulan/

The bright object in the night sky; the same word means month.

/bintang/

A point of light in the night sky; also means a celebrity or rating star.

/langit/

The space above the earth where clouds and stars appear.

/laut/

The large body of salt water; Indonesia is the world's largest archipelago.

/sungai/

A large natural stream of water flowing to the sea.

/gunung/

A very high hill; Indonesia has over a hundred volcanoes.

/hutan/

A large area covered with trees; home to orangutans in Sumatra and Borneo.

/pohon/

A tall plant with a trunk, branches, and leaves.

/bunga/

The colorful blossom of a plant; also means bank interest.

/hujan/

Water that falls from clouds; the rainy season is musim hujan.

/salju/

Soft white frozen water; in Indonesia it exists only on Papua's peaks.

/angin/

Moving air that you can feel.

/cuaca/

The condition of the air, such as sun, rain, or wind.

/hewan/

A living creature; Indonesia is home to komodo dragons and orangutans.

/kucing/

A small pet animal that meows.

/tubuh/

The whole physical structure of a person.

/kepala/

The top part of the body; also means a chief, as in kepala desa.

/mata/

The part of the body used for seeing; appears in matahari, the sun.

/telinga/

The part of the body used for hearing.

/hidung/

The part of the face used for smelling and breathing.

/mulut/

The part of the face used for eating and speaking.

/tangan/

The upper limb, covering both hand and arm in everyday speech.

/kaki/

The lower limb used for walking; kaki lima are street vendors.

/jantung/

The organ that pumps blood.

/rambut/

The hair on a person's head.

/perut/

The front part of the body below the chest.

/dokter/

A person trained to treat sick people.

/rumah sakit/

A place where sick people are treated, literally sick house.

/obat/

Something you take to treat an illness.

/sakit/

Ill, or hurting; sakit kepala means headache.

/pekerjaan/

A job, or the activity of working.

/perusahaan/

A business organization that sells goods or services.

/kantor/

A room or building where people work at desks.

/bos/

The person in charge at work.

/rekan kerja/

A person you work with.

/rapat/

An occasion when people come together to discuss something.

/uang/

Coins and banknotes; the Indonesian currency is the rupiah.

/gaji/

The money you receive regularly for your work.

/komputer/

An electronic machine used for work and entertainment.

/telepon/

A device used for calling people; a mobile is ponsel or HP.

/profesi/

The type of work a person is trained to do.

/proyek/

A planned piece of work with a clear goal.

/pelanggan/

A person who buys goods or services.

/kontrak/

A formal written agreement.

/manajer/

The person who leads a company, shop, or team.

/pabrik/

A building where goods are made with machines.

/buku/

Written pages bound together for reading.

/musik/

Sounds arranged in a pleasing way; gamelan is traditional Indonesian music.

/film/

A story shown in moving pictures.

/seni/

Painting, sculpture, dance, and other creative work; batik is a famous Indonesian art.

/museum/

A building where important objects and art are shown.

/festival/

A special time of celebration.

/agama/

Belief in and worship of a god; Indonesia recognizes six religions.

/pemerintah/

The group of people who rule a country.

/berita/

Reports about recent events.

/masyarakat/

People living together in an organized community.

/tradisi/

A custom passed down through generations; gotong royong, mutual help, is a famous one.

/adalah/

Links a subject with a noun; often omitted in casual speech.

/punya/

To own or possess something.

/pergi/

To move from one place to another.

/datang/

To move toward the speaker or a place.

/makan/

To put food in your mouth; sudah makan, have you eaten, is a common greeting.

/minum/

To take liquid into your mouth and swallow it.

/melihat/

To notice something with your eyes.

/mendengar/

To notice sounds with your ears.

/berbicara/

To say words, to talk.

/membaca/

To look at words and understand them.

/menulis/

To form letters and words on paper or a screen.

/membeli/

To get something by paying money.

/menjual/

To give something in exchange for money.

/membuat/

To create or produce something.

/bekerja/

To do a job, especially for money.

/berpikir/

To use your mind to form ideas or opinions.

/mau/

To wish for or desire something.

/cinta/

To feel deep affection; also the noun love.

/suka/

To find something pleasant or enjoyable.

/belajar/

To gain knowledge or skill.

/tahu/

To have information; with different stress, tahu also means tofu.

/kenal/

To be familiar with a person.

/memberi/

To hand something to someone.

/mengambil/

To pick something up or accept it.

/mencari/

To try to find something.

/membantu/

To make something easier for someone.

/mulai/

To start doing something.

/selesai/

To be done or completed.

/bagus/

Of high quality; used for things, while baik describes character.

/buruk/

Of poor quality or unpleasant.

/besar/

Of great size.

/kecil/

Of little size.

/baru/

Recently made or bought; also means just now.

/lama/

Having existed long, or taking a long time.

/tua/

Advanced in age; orang tua means parents.

/tinggi/

Of great height.

/pendek/

Of little height or length.

/panjang/

Of great length.

/panas/

Having a high temperature; Indonesia is hot year-round.

/dingin/

Having a low temperature.

/cepat/

Moving or happening quickly.

/lambat/

Moving or happening without speed.

/mahal/

Costing a lot of money.

/murah/

Costing little money.

/cantik/

Very pleasing to look at; indah is used for scenery.

/mudah/

Not difficult to do or understand.

/sulit/

Hard to do or understand.

/penting/

Having great value or significance.

/bersih/

Free from dirt.

/enak/

Tasty, or pleasant in general — one of the most useful Indonesian words.

/apa/

Used to ask about things.

/siapa/

Used to ask about people.

/di mana/

Used to ask about places.

/kapan/

Used to ask about time.

/mengapa/

Used to ask about reasons; kenapa is the casual form.

/bagaimana/

Used to ask about manner or condition; gimana is the casual form.

/berapa/

Used to ask about quantity or price.

/yang mana/

Used to ask about a choice between things.

/milik siapa/

Used to ask about ownership; casually punya siapa.

/apakah/

Introduces a formal yes/no question.

/rumah/

A building where people live, or your home.

/apartemen/

A set of rooms for living in, part of a larger building.

/dapur/

The room where food is prepared.

/kamar mandi/

The room for washing, literally bathing room.

/kamar tidur/

The room where you sleep.

/pintu/

The entrance to a room or building.

/jendela/

An opening in a wall with glass that lets in light.

/meja/

A piece of furniture with a flat top.

/kursi/

A seat with a back for one person.

/tempat tidur/

A piece of furniture for sleeping, literally sleeping place.

/tidur/

To rest with your eyes closed at night.

/pakaian/

Things you wear, such as shirts and trousers.

/sepatu/

Footwear; removed before entering an Indonesian home.

/kunci/

A metal object used to open locks.

/jam tangan/

A small clock worn on the wrist, literally hand clock.

/televisi/

A device for watching programmes; often shortened to TV.

/lampu/

A device that gives light.

/tas/

A container with handles for carrying things.

/memasak/

To prepare food by heating it.

/belanja/

To buy things for daily needs or pleasure.

/senang/

Feeling pleasure and joy.

/sedih/

Feeling unhappy.

/marah/

Feeling strong displeasure.

/takut/

Feeling fear.

/lelah/

Needing rest; capek is the casual word.

/lapar/

Feeling the need to eat.

/haus/

Feeling the need to drink.

/khawatir/

Feeling anxious about something.

/bosan/

Feeling tired because something is not interesting.

/bersemangat/

Full of energy and anticipation.

/terkejut/

Feeling wonder because of something unexpected; kaget is the casual word.

/harapan/

The feeling that something good will happen.

/kebahagiaan/

The state of feeling happy.