Bahasa Melayu(Malay)

/perlembagaan/

Perlembagaan ialah undang-undang tertinggi negara yang menentukan struktur kerajaan dan hak-hak rakyat.

Constitution

/demokrasi/

Demokrasi ialah sistem pemerintahan di mana rakyat memilih wakil-wakil mereka melalui pilihan raya yang bebas dan adil.

Democracy

/kebudayaan/

The customs, arts, and social institutions of a community. Malaysia's culture is a rich mosaic of Malay, Chinese (30%), Indian (8%), and indigenous peoples. This multicultural heritage is expressed in festivals (Hari Raya, Chinese New Year, Deepavali all celebrated nationally), cuisine, arts, and architecture.

/ekonomi/

The system of production and consumption of goods and services. Malaysia is one of Southeast Asia's most developed and open economies, based on electronics, palm oil, natural gas, rubber, and tourism. Malaysia's Vision 2020 (achieving developed nation status) and current Vision 2030 target high-income economy status.

/pendidikan/

From root 'didik' (to educate/nurture) with circumfix pen-...-an. No grammatical gender. In Jawi: 'ڤنديديقن'. Malaysia's education system is multilingual (Malay, English, Chinese, Tamil medium schools). The concept of 'ilmu' (from Arabic ʿilm, knowledge) is deeply valued in Malay-Muslim culture.

Education

/alam sekitar/

The natural surroundings of living organisms. Malaysia has one of the world's oldest tropical rainforests (over 130 million years) with exceptional biodiversity including orangutans, pygmy elephants, and proboscis monkeys. Rapid development and palm oil expansion have driven significant deforestation, creating environmental challenges.

/teknologi/

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Malaysia is a major global hub for semiconductor assembly and electronics manufacturing. The Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC Malaysia) is a designated technology zone attracting global IT companies. Malaysia's Proton and Perodua automotive brands reflect industrial development.

/perpaduan/

From root 'padu' (to unite/merge) with circumfix 'per-...-an.' Malaysia's national ideology 'Rukun Negara' (Pillars of the Nation) makes national unity its primary goal in a multiethnic society (Malay, Chinese, Indian, indigenous). 'Muhibbah' (goodwill/unity among races) is a key Malaysian social concept. The national motto 'Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu' (Unity is Strength) reflects this emphasis. No grammatical gender.

Unity / Cohesion

/pelancongan/

Travel for leisure and recreation. Malaysia is a major Southeast Asian tourist destination known for the Petronas Twin Towers (Kuala Lumpur), Penang (UNESCO heritage), Langkawi, Borneo rainforests, and diverse street food. Over 25 million tourists annually visit Malaysia pre-COVID.

/Islam/

The official religion of Malaysia, practiced by approximately 61% of the population (mostly Malays). Malaysia's Federal Constitution defines Malays as Muslims. Islam shapes Malaysian law, culture, food, dress, and governance — Malaysia is considered a model of modern, moderate Muslim-majority governance by many international observers.

/bahasa melayu/

The official national language of Malaysia, Brunei, and the main language of Indonesia (as Bahasa Indonesia). Malay is an Austronesian language with around 290 million speakers globally. Historically, Malay was the lingua franca of Southeast Asia's maritime trade routes, and the Malay script (Jawi) was widely used alongside Romanized Rumi.

/kesihatan/

The state of physical, mental, and social well-being. Malaysia has a dual-tier healthcare system with strong public healthcare (subsidized for all citizens) and a growing private sector. Malaysia's public healthcare achieves excellent health outcomes at relatively low cost, and medical tourism is a growing industry.

/sejarah/

The record of past events. Malaysia's history spans the ancient Malay maritime kingdoms (Langkasuka, Srivijaya), the powerful Malacca Sultanate (15th century, a center of Islamic learning and trade), Portuguese, Dutch, and British colonial periods, and independence in 1957. The formation of Malaysia in 1963 included Singapore (which separated in 1965).

/keadilan/

Keadilan bermaksud layanan yang saksama kepada semua pihak berdasarkan undang-undang dan moral.

Justice

/kemerdekaan/

Freedom from external control. Malaya gained independence from British colonial rule on 31 August 1957 (National Day / Hari Merdeka), with Tunku Abdul Rahman as the first Prime Minister. Malaysia's peaceful transition to independence, through negotiation rather than armed struggle, contrasts with many other decolonization stories.

/sains/

Direct borrowing from English 'science.' No grammatical gender. The native Malay equivalent 'ilmu' (from Arabic 'ʿilm') means 'knowledge/science' and predates the English borrowing. 'Saintis' means 'scientist.' Malaysia's science policy emphasizes 'sains dan teknologi' (science and technology) for national development. In Jawi script: 'ساءينس'. 'Ilmu sains' combines both Arabic and English roots.

Science

/masyarakat/

An organized community sharing laws, culture, and institutions. Malaysian society is characterized by ethnic diversity (Bumiputera/Malay-Muslim majority, Chinese, Indian, and indigenous groups) and the complex New Economic Policy (NEP, 1970) affirmative action framework favoring Bumiputera in education and business.

/seni/

Possibly from Sanskrit 'sena' or indigenous Malay origin. No grammatical gender. Malay art traditions include batik, wayang kulit (shadow puppetry), silat (martial art), gamelan music, and woodcarving. 'Seni halus' means fine arts; 'seniman' means artist. In Jawi: 'سني'. The Malay aesthetic concept of 'kehalusan' (refinement) guides artistic creation.

Art

/alam semula jadi/

A phrase meaning 'world of original becoming': 'alam' (from Arabic 'ālam, world) + 'semula jadi' (original/natural). No grammatical gender. The simpler 'alam' alone can also mean 'nature/world.' In Jawi script: 'عالم سمولا جادي'. The Malay concept of 'alam' reflects both the Arabic-Islamic cosmology of creation and the indigenous Southeast Asian reverence for the natural environment, particularly the rainforest.

Nature

/perdagangan/

Derived from 'dagang' (trade, foreign) with circumfix per-...-an forming an abstract noun. No grammatical gender. The Malay world was a major hub of Indian Ocean trade; the Strait of Malacca has been one of the world's busiest trade routes for over two millennia. The Malay word 'dagang' itself may derive from Sanskrit.

Trade

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Hasil-hasil penulisan yang mempunyai nilai seni termasuk puisi, novel, dan drama. Sastera Melayu mempunyai tradisi yang kaya.

Literature

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Kajian rasional tentang soalan asas mengenai kewujudan, pengetahuan, etika, dan akal. Pemikiran falsafah Melayu berakar dalam ilmu Islam.

Philosophy

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Kajian tentang ciri-ciri fizikal bumi dan atmosferanya. Malaysia dibahagikan kepada Malaysia Barat dan Malaysia Timur di Borneo.

Geography

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Sistem peraturan yang digubal dan dikuatkuasakan oleh pihak berkuasa. Malaysia menjalankan sistem undang-undang dwi — sivil dan Syariah.

Law

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Amalan budaya, tradisi, dan artifak yang diwarisi oleh sesebuah masyarakat. Warisan budaya Malaysia termasuk Mak Yong dan Silat.

Cultural heritage

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Pembangunan yang memenuhi keperluan semasa tanpa menjejaskan keupayaan generasi akan datang untuk memenuhi keperluan mereka sendiri.

Sustainable development

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Pengenalan idea, kaedah, atau teknologi baharu. Ekosistem Inovasi Nasional Malaysia bertujuan untuk mengubah negara menjadi ekonomi berasaskan pengetahuan.

Innovation

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Kehadiran pelbagai kumpulan atau identiti yang berbeza. Kepelbagaian etnik, agama, dan linguistik Malaysia adalah kekuatan sekaligus cabaran.

Diversity

//

Penanaman tanah untuk tanaman dan ternakan. Malaysia adalah pengeluar kelapa sawit terbesar kedua di dunia.

Agriculture

//

Proses dan sistem di mana sebuah negara diperintah. Malaysia mengamalkan demokrasi parlimen persekutuan dengan 13 negeri.

Governance

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Karya tulisan yang dianggap mempunyai nilai seni. Sastera Malaysia merangkumi puisi, prosa tradisional, dan novel moden.

Literary arts

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Keadaan atmosfera jangka panjang sesebuah kawasan. Malaysia mempunyai iklim khatulistiwa dengan suhu tinggi dan hujan sepanjang tahun.

Climate

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Penyiasatan sistematik untuk menetapkan fakta atau membangunkan pengetahuan baru. Malaysia telah meningkatkan perbelanjaan R&D.

Research

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Proses pertumbuhan dan penambahbaikan dalam aspek ekonomi, sosial, atau politik. Transformasi Malaysia dari ekonomi pertanian kepada industri adalah kisah kejayaan pembangunan.

Development

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Sistem komunikasi yang digunakan oleh komuniti tertentu. Malaysia adalah negara yang kaya dengan kepelbagaian bahasa.

Language

//

Hak dan kebebasan asas yang layak diterima oleh semua manusia. SUHAKAM memantau dan mempromosi hak asasi manusia di Malaysia.

Human rights

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Warisan budaya, sejarah, dan semula jadi yang diwariskan dari generasi terdahulu. Malaysia mempunyai tiga Tapak Warisan UNESCO.

Heritage

//

Sistem fizikal asas yang menyokong operasi sesebuah negara, termasuk pengangkutan, komunikasi, dan utiliti.

Infrastructure

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Tindakan memimpin kumpulan orang atau organisasi. Kepimpinan politik Malaysia telah dibentuk oleh tradisi gabungan yang panjang.

Leadership

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Bunyi vokal atau instrumental yang digabungkan untuk menghasilkan keindahan, harmoni, dan ekspresi. Muzik Malaysia merangkumi genre tradisional dan kontemporari.

Music

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Persekitaran fizikal, sosial, dan budaya bandar. Kuala Lumpur adalah salah satu bandar paling dinamik di Asia Tenggara.

Urban environment

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Pendidikan di peringkat universiti ke atas. Malaysia mempunyai lebih daripada 20 universiti awam dan banyak institusi swasta.

Higher education

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Sains dan amalan mendiagnosis, merawat, dan mencegah penyakit. Sektor perubatan Malaysia termasuk hospital awam dan swasta bertaraf dunia.

Medicine

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Kajian saintifik tentang organisma hidup. Kepelbagaian biologi Malaysia yang luar biasa menjadikannya makmal semula jadi untuk penyelidikan biologi.

Biology

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Aktiviti menubuhkan dan menjalankan perniagaan, menanggung risiko kewangan dengan harapan keuntungan.

Entrepreneurship

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Angkatan tentera dan dasar yang melindungi sesebuah negara daripada serangan. Dasar pertahanan Malaysia berpusat pada Angkatan Tentera Malaysia.

Defence

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Kajian dan amalan hubungan politik antara negara. Malaysia memainkan peranan aktif dalam ASEAN, OIC, dan Komanwel.

International relations

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Amalan dan norma tradisional sesebuah komuniti. Adat Melayu mengatur etiket sosial, upacara, dan hubungan komuniti.

Customs and traditions

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Komuniti biologi organisma yang berinteraksi dan persekitaran fizikal mereka. Ekosistem Malaysia merangkumi hutan hujan tropika, paya gambut, dan terumbu karang.

Ecosystem

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Cabang falsafah yang berkaitan dengan keindahan dan citarasa seni. Tradisi estetika Malaysia menggabungkan pengaruh Melayu, Cina, India, dan peribumi.

Aesthetics

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Komuniti dengan tradisi kebangsaan atau budaya yang sama. Malaysia mengiktiraf kategori Bumiputera yang merangkumi Melayu dan kumpulan peribumi.

Ethnic group

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Kawasan bandar yang besar dan menetap secara kekal. Kuala Lumpur adalah ibu kota dan bandar raya utama Malaysia.

City

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Analisis dan penilaian objektif isu untuk membentuk pertimbangan. Pemikiran kritis kini merupakan matlamat utama reformasi pendidikan Malaysia.

Critical thinking

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Urutan imej yang mencipta ilusi pergerakan yang ditayangkan di pawagam atau skrin. Filem Malaysia mempunyai sejarah yang kaya.

Film

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Penggunaan teknologi digital untuk mengubah perkhidmatan kerajaan dan pentadbiran awam. Inisiatif MyDigital bertujuan menjadikan Malaysia negara digital terkemuka.

Digital government

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Bahagian kerohanian atau bukan material manusia. Dalam tradisi falsafah Melayu, 'jiwa' mewakili diri dalaman dan esensi kerohanian.

Soul / Spirit

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Peristiwa bencana besar yang disebabkan oleh proses semula jadi. Malaysia terdedah kepada banjir, tanah runtuh, dan kemarau.

Natural disaster

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Kawasan luas yang kebanyakannya ditumbuhi pokok dan belukar. Hutan Malaysia adalah antara yang paling kaya biodiversiti di dunia.

Forest

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Amalan membaca buku dan bahan bertulis secara tetap. Malaysia mempunyai kempen nasional untuk mempromosikan budaya membaca.

Reading habit

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Aktiviti ekonomi berdasarkan teknologi digital dan internet. Malaysia berhasrat menjadi ekonomi digital terkemuka di Asia Tenggara.

Digital economy

/halo/

A casual greeting; Malays also often greet with assalamualaikum.

/selamat pagi/

A morning greeting; selamat plus a time of day forms most greetings.

/selamat petang/

A greeting used in the late afternoon and early evening.

/selamat malam/

A greeting used at night, also said before going to bed.

/selamat tinggal/

A farewell said by the person leaving; the one staying says selamat jalan.

/jumpa lagi/

A casual way to say goodbye, literally meet again.

/terima kasih/

The standard expression of gratitude, literally receive love.

/sama-sama/

The standard reply to thanks.

/maaf/

An apology, also used to get someone's attention politely.

/ya/

An affirmative answer.

/tidak/

A negative answer; colloquially shortened to tak.

/apa khabar/

A common greeting question, literally what news.

/khabar baik/

The standard reply to apa khabar, literally good news.

/nama saya/

Used to introduce yourself by name.

/selamat berkenalan/

Said when meeting someone for the first time.

/selamat datang/

Used to welcome guests or new arrivals.

/semoga berjaya/

A wish for success, literally may you succeed.

/saya tidak faham/

A useful phrase for learners when something is unclear.

/satu/

The number one.

/dua/

The number two.

/tiga/

The number three.

/empat/

The number four.

/lima/

The number five.

/enam/

The number six.

/tujuh/

The number seven.

/lapan/

The number eight; Indonesian uses delapan.

/sembilan/

The number nine.

/sepuluh/

The number ten.

/seratus/

The number one hundred.

/seribu/

The number one thousand.

/hari ini/

The present day.

/esok/

The day after today; Indonesian uses besok.

/semalam/

The day before today; in Indonesian semalam means last night.

/sekarang/

At the present moment.

/jam/

An hour or a clock; pukul is used for telling time.

/minit/

A period of sixty seconds; Indonesian spells it menit.

/minggu/

A period of seven days; capitalized, it means Sunday.

/tahun/

A period of twelve months.

/keluarga/

A group of people related by blood or marriage.

/ibu/

A female parent; emak or mak is the everyday word.

/ayah/

A male parent; bapa is also used.

/abang/

An older brother; also used to address young men politely.

/kakak/

An older sister in Malay; in Indonesian kakak covers both genders.

/adik/

A younger brother or sister.

/anak lelaki/

A male child.

/anak perempuan/

A female child.

/datuk/

The father of your parent; also an honorary Malaysian title.

/nenek/

The mother of your parent.

/suami/

The man a woman is married to.

/isteri/

The woman a man is married to; Indonesian spells it istri.

/kanak-kanak/

Young people in general.

/kawan/

A person you know well and like.

/lelaki/

An adult male person.

/perempuan/

An adult female person.

/cikgu/

The everyday Malay word for teacher, from encik guru.

/murid/

A person who studies at school.

/jiran/

A person who lives next to or near you; Indonesian uses tetangga.

/air/

The clear liquid essential for life.

/teh/

A drink made from tea leaves; teh tarik, pulled milk tea, is Malaysia's favorite.

/kopi/

A drink made from coffee beans; kopitiam coffee shops are an institution.

/nasi/

The staple food; nasi lemak is Malaysia's national dish.

/mi/

Noodles; mi goreng mamak is a beloved street dish.

/roti/

Bread; roti canai, the flaky flatbread, is a breakfast favorite.

/daging/

The flesh of animals eaten as food.

/ayam/

A chicken, or chicken meat.

/ikan/

An animal that lives in water, eaten as food.

/telur/

An egg laid by a hen, a common breakfast food.

/sayur/

Plants grown for food.

/buah/

Sweet plant foods; durian is the controversial king of fruits.

/mangga/

A sweet tropical fruit.

/susu/

A white drink produced by cows.

/jus/

A drink made from pressed fruit.

/gula/

A sweet substance added to food and drinks.

/garam/

A white substance used to season food.

/sarapan/

The first meal of the day.

/makan tengah hari/

The meal eaten in the middle of the day.

/makan malam/

The meal eaten in the evening.

/lapangan terbang/

A place where airplanes take off and land; Indonesian uses bandara.

/kapal terbang/

A flying vehicle, literally flying ship.

/kereta api/

A train, literally fire carriage; kereta alone means car in Malay.

/kereta/

A car in Malay; beware — in Indonesian kereta means train.

/stesen/

A place where trains stop; Indonesian spells it stasiun.

/bas/

A large road vehicle; Indonesian spells it bus.

/teksi/

A car you pay to be driven somewhere in.

/hotel/

A place where travelers pay to stay overnight.

/restoran/

A place where you pay to eat; an open-air food court is a medan selera.

/bandar/

A large town; Indonesian uses kota.

/kampung/

A village; balik kampung, returning to one's village, is a festive tradition.

/jalan/

A road; jalan-jalan means to go for a stroll.

/pasport/

An official document needed for traveling abroad.

/tiket/

A piece of paper that allows you to travel or enter a place.

/peta/

A drawing showing streets, cities, or countries.

/bank/

A place where people keep and borrow money.

/pasar/

A place where goods are sold; the pasar malam night market is a treat.

/pantai/

A sandy shore by the sea; Langkawi's beaches are famous.

/perjalanan/

The act of traveling to a place.

/matahari/

The star that gives Earth light and warmth, literally eye of the day.

/bulan/

The bright object in the night sky; the same word means month.

/bintang/

A point of light in the night sky.

/langit/

The space above the earth where clouds and stars appear.

/laut/

The large body of salt water around the Malay peninsula and Borneo.

/sungai/

A large natural stream of water flowing to the sea.

/gunung/

A very high hill; Mount Kinabalu is Malaysia's highest peak.

/pokok/

A tall plant with a trunk; Indonesian uses pohon.

/bunga/

The colorful blossom of a plant; the hibiscus is Malaysia's national flower.

/hujan/

Water that falls from clouds; tropical downpours come most afternoons.

/salji/

Soft white frozen water; Malaysians travel abroad to see it.

/angin/

Moving air that you can feel.

/cuaca/

The condition of the air, such as sun, rain, or wind.

/haiwan/

A living creature; Indonesian spells it hewan.

/kucing/

A small pet animal; Kuching, the city in Sarawak, shares the name.

/badan/

The whole physical structure of a person; Indonesian prefers tubuh.

/kepala/

The top part of the body containing the brain and face.

/mata/

The part of the body used for seeing.

/telinga/

The part of the body used for hearing.

/hidung/

The part of the face used for smelling and breathing.

/mulut/

The part of the face used for eating and speaking.

/tangan/

The upper limb, covering both hand and arm in everyday speech.

/kaki/

The lower limb used for walking.

/jantung/

The organ that pumps blood.

/rambut/

The hair on a person's head.

/perut/

The front part of the body below the chest.

/doktor/

A person trained to treat sick people; Indonesian spells it dokter.

/hospital/

A place where sick people are treated; Indonesian uses rumah sakit.

/ubat/

Something you take to treat an illness; Indonesian spells it obat.

/sakit/

Ill, or hurting; sakit kepala means headache.

/kerja/

A job, or the activity of working.

/syarikat/

A business organization; Indonesian uses perusahaan.

/pejabat/

A room or building where people work; in Indonesian pejabat means an official.

/bos/

The person in charge at work.

/rakan sekerja/

A person you work with.

/mesyuarat/

An occasion when people come together to discuss something; Indonesian uses rapat.

/wang/

Coins and banknotes; the Malaysian currency is the ringgit. Indonesian uses uang.

/gaji/

The money you receive regularly for your work.

/komputer/

An electronic machine used for work and entertainment.

/telefon/

A device used for calling people; Indonesian spells it telepon.

/pekerjaan/

The type of work a person does.

/projek/

A planned piece of work; Indonesian spells it proyek.

/pelanggan/

A person who buys goods or services.

/kontrak/

A formal written agreement.

/pengurus/

The person who leads a company, shop, or team; Indonesian uses manajer.

/kilang/

A building where goods are made; Indonesian uses pabrik.

/buku/

Written pages bound together for reading.

/muzium/

A building where important objects and art are shown; Indonesian spells it museum.

/perayaan/

A special time of celebration.

/Hari Raya/

The festival ending Ramadan, Malaysia's biggest celebration.

/agama/

Belief in and worship of a god or gods.

/kerajaan/

The group ruling a country; Indonesian uses pemerintah.

/berita/

Reports about recent events.

/adalah/

Links a subject with a noun; ialah is also used.

/ada/

Expresses possession or existence.

/pergi/

To move from one place to another.

/datang/

To move toward the speaker or a place.

/makan/

To put food in your mouth; sudah makan is a friendly greeting.

/minum/

To take liquid into your mouth and swallow it.

/melihat/

To notice something with your eyes; tengok is the casual word.

/mendengar/

To notice sounds with your ears.

/bercakap/

To say words; Indonesian uses berbicara.

/membaca/

To look at words and understand them.

/menulis/

To form letters and words on paper or a screen.

/membeli/

To get something by paying money.

/menjual/

To give something in exchange for money.

/membuat/

To create or produce something.

/bekerja/

To do a job, especially for money.

/berfikir/

To use your mind; Indonesian spells it berpikir.

/mahu/

To wish for something; casually shortened to nak.

/sayang/

To love dearly; also a term of endearment and what a pity.

/suka/

To find something pleasant or enjoyable.

/belajar/

To gain knowledge or skill.

/tahu/

To have information in your mind.

/kenal/

To be familiar with a person.

/memberi/

To hand something to someone; bagi is the casual word.

/mengambil/

To pick something up or accept it.

/mencari/

To try to find something.

/menolong/

To make something easier for someone; Indonesian prefers membantu.

/mula/

To start doing something.

/selesai/

To be done or completed; siap is also common.

/baik/

Of high quality, or kind in character.

/buruk/

Of poor quality or unpleasant.

/besar/

Of great size.

/kecil/

Of little size.

/baru/

Recently made or bought; also means just now.

/lama/

Having existed long, or taking a long time.

/tua/

Advanced in age; orang tua means parents or the elderly.

/tinggi/

Of great height; the Petronas Towers are very tinggi.

/pendek/

Of little height or length.

/panjang/

Of great length.

/panas/

Having a high temperature; Malaysia is hot and humid year-round.

/sejuk/

Having a low temperature; Indonesian uses dingin.

/laju/

Moving quickly; cepat is also used.

/lambat/

Moving without speed, or arriving late.

/mahal/

Costing a lot of money.

/murah/

Costing little money.

/cantik/

Very pleasing to look at.

/mudah/

Not difficult; senang is also used for easy in Malay.

/susah/

Hard to do or understand; sukar is the formal word.

/penting/

Having great value or significance.

/bersih/

Free from dirt.

/sedap/

Tasty — the word you will use constantly in Malaysia. Indonesian uses enak.

/apa/

Used to ask about things.

/siapa/

Used to ask about people.

/di mana/

Used to ask about places.

/bila/

Used to ask about time; Indonesian uses kapan.

/mengapa/

Used to ask about reasons; kenapa is the casual form.

/bagaimana/

Used to ask about manner; macam mana is the casual form.

/berapa/

Used to ask about quantity or price.

/yang mana/

Used to ask about a choice between things.

/kepunyaan siapa/

Used to ask about ownership; casually siapa punya.

/adakah/

Introduces a formal yes/no question.

/rumah/

A building where people live, or your home.

/pangsapuri/

A set of rooms for living in; Indonesian uses apartemen.

/dapur/

The room where food is prepared.

/bilik air/

The room for washing, literally water room; Indonesian uses kamar mandi.

/bilik tidur/

The room where you sleep; bilik means room in Malay.

/pintu/

The entrance to a room or building.

/tingkap/

An opening in a wall with glass; Indonesian uses jendela.

/meja/

A piece of furniture with a flat top.

/kerusi/

A seat with a back; Indonesian spells it kursi.

/katil/

A piece of furniture for sleeping; Indonesian uses tempat tidur.

/tidur/

To rest with your eyes closed at night.

/pakaian/

Things you wear; baju is the everyday word.

/kasut/

Footwear; Indonesian uses sepatu. Removed before entering a home.

/kunci/

A metal object used to open locks.

/jam tangan/

A small clock worn on the wrist, literally hand clock.

/televisyen/

A device for watching programmes; Indonesian spells it televisi.

/lampu/

A device that gives light.

/beg/

A container with handles; Indonesian uses tas.

/memasak/

To prepare food by heating it.

/membeli-belah/

To shop for pleasure or daily needs; Indonesian uses belanja.

/gembira/

Feeling pleasure and joy; Indonesian prefers senang or gembira.

/sedih/

Feeling unhappy.

/marah/

Feeling strong displeasure.

/takut/

Feeling fear.

/penat/

Needing rest; Indonesian uses lelah or capek.

/lapar/

Feeling the need to eat.

/dahaga/

Feeling the need to drink; Indonesian uses haus.

/risau/

Feeling anxious; Indonesian uses khawatir.

/bosan/

Feeling tired because something is not interesting.

/teruja/

Full of anticipation and enthusiasm; Indonesian uses bersemangat.

/terkejut/

Feeling wonder because of something unexpected.

/kasih sayang/

Deep affection and care, especially within a family.