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Delegated Legislation

/ˈdɛlɪɡeɪtɪd ˌlɛdʒɪsˈleɪʃən/

Legal Term

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Definition

Law made by bodies other than the legislature (Parliament or state assemblies) under powers delegated to them by a parent Act. It includes rules, regulations, notifications, orders, and bye-laws made by the executive or local bodies. While necessary for administrative efficiency, it must not exceed the parent Act's scope (ultra vires) and is subject to parliamentary oversight and judicial review.

Examples

The Income Tax Act empowers the Central Board of Direct Taxes to frame rules — those rules are delegated legislation. If the rules impose a higher tax rate than the Act allows, they are ultra vires.
A state government notifying an area under the Forest (Conservation) Act without proper public consultation may be challenged as delegated legislation made in violation of procedural requirements.

Case Study

In D.S. Garewal v. State of Punjab (1959), the Supreme Court held that the legislature cannot delegate its essential legislative functions — it may only delegate the power to fill in details within a framework the legislature itself provides. This is the doctrine of 'excessive delegation.' Conversely, in Hamdard Dawakhana v. Union of India (1960), the Court held that sufficiently detailed guidelines in the parent Act can validate broad delegated powers.

Key Cases

Hamdard Dawakhana v. Union of India

1960

AIR 1960 SC 554

Laid down tests for valid delegated legislation: the parent Act must provide adequate guidelines ('intelligible differentia'), and the delegated power must not exceed those guidelines. Foundational for the vires of subordinate legislation.

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Re Delhi Laws Act (1912)

1951

AIR 1951 SC 332

7-judge bench. Settled that Parliament can delegate legislative powers to the executive, subject to constitutional limitations. Legislature cannot abdicate its essential functions. Foundational Indian case on the nature of delegated legislation.

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Also Known As

subordinate legislationsecondary legislation

Synonyms

subordinate legislationsecondary legislationstatutory instrumentdelegated law-making

Antonyms / Opposites

primary legislationparliamentary legislation

Related Terms

ultra viresexcessive delegationsubordinate legislationrulesregulationsparent Actadministrative law

Dictionary Entry

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