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Retrenchment

/rɪˈtrɛntʃmənt/

Labour Law Term

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Definition

The termination of employment of a workman by the employer for any reason other than as a disciplinary measure. Defined under Section 2(oo) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. Requires: one month's notice (or wages in lieu), retrenchment compensation at 15 days' wages per year of service, and government intimation. The 'last come, first go' (LIFO) principle must be followed unless there is a valid reason to deviate.

Examples

A factory reduces its workforce due to declining demand. Retrenched workers receive 15 days' wages per completed year of service as retrenchment compensation.
An employer who retrenches workers without notice or compensation commits illegal retrenchment — workers are entitled to reinstatement or additional compensation.

Case Study

In State Bank of India v. N. Sundara Money (1976), the Supreme Court held that every retrenchment must comply with Section 25F of the Industrial Disputes Act — failure renders the retrenchment void ab initio, entitling the workman to reinstatement with back wages.

Key Cases

State Bank of India v. N. Sundara Money

1976

AIR 1976 SC 1111

Retrenchment without compliance with Section 25F (notice, compensation, government intimation) is illegal and void. Workman entitled to reinstatement with full back wages.

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Also Known As

layoffredundancy

Synonyms

layoffdownsizingworkforce reductionredundancy

Antonyms / Opposites

reinstatementvoluntary retirementresignation

Related Terms

Industrial Disputes Act 1947Section 25Fretrenchment compensationLIFO principlewrongful termination

Dictionary Entry

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