Italiano(Italian)

/constituzione/

Constitution: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/democrazia/

Democracy: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/giustizia/

Justice: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/parlamento/

Parliament: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/diritti fondamentali/

Fundamental Rights: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/corte suprema/

Supreme Court: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/economia/

Economy: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/imposta/

Tax: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/inflazione/

Inflation: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/pil/

GDP: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/elezione/

Election: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/corruzione/

Corruption: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/istruzione/

Education: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/salute/

Health: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/agricoltura/

Agriculture: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/industria/

Industry: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/libertà/

Freedom: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/uguaglianza/

Equality: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/ambiente/

Environment: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/cultura/

Culture: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/lingua/

Language: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/storia/

History: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/politica/

Politics: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/bilancio/

Budget: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/povertà/

Poverty: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/popolazione/

Population: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/giustizia sociale/

Social Justice: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/cittadinanza/

Citizenship: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/sviluppo/

Development: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/sovranità/

Sovereignty: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/diplomazia/

Diplomacy: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/diritti umani/

Human Rights: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/sviluppo sostenibile/

Sustainable Development: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/globalizzazione/

Globalisation: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/innovazione/

Innovation: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/tecnologia/

Technology: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/nazioni unite/

United Nations: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/riforma/

Reform: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/pace/

Peace: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/diversità/

Diversity: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/commercio/

Trade: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/investimento/

Investment: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/disoccupazione/

Unemployment: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/politica fiscale/

Fiscal Policy: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/politica monetaria/

Monetary Policy: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/separazione dei poteri/

Separation of Powers: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/stato sociale/

Welfare State: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/presidente/

President: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/primo ministro/

Prime Minister: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/federalismo/

Federalism: a key concept in governance, law, and economics.

/ciao/

An informal greeting or farewell used among friends and family.

/buongiorno/

A formal or polite greeting used during the morning hours.

/buonasera/

A polite greeting used in the afternoon and evening hours.

/per favore/

A polite expression used when making a request.

/grazie/

An expression of gratitude.

/prego/

A polite response to thanks; also used to mean "please go ahead".

/scusa/

Used to apologise or to get someone's attention informally.

/mi scusi/

A polite formal apology or way to get attention.

/arrivederci/

A formal farewell, meaning "until we see each other again".

/come stai/

An informal inquiry about someone's wellbeing.

/bene, grazie/

A standard positive reply to "how are you?".

/piacere/

A greeting used when meeting someone for the first time.

/mi chiamo/

Used to introduce oneself; literally "I call myself".

/parla inglese/

A formal question asking whether someone speaks English.

/non capisco/

Used to express that one does not comprehend what was said.

/sì/

An affirmative reply.

/no/

A negative reply.

/buonanotte/

A farewell used at night or before sleeping.

/uno/

The number 1.

/due/

The number 2.

/tre/

The number 3.

/quattro/

The number 4.

/cinque/

The number 5.

/dieci/

The number 10.

/cento/

The number 100.

/primo/

Ordinal number indicating the initial position in a sequence.

/secondo/

Ordinal number indicating the second position.

/ora/

A unit of time equal to 60 minutes.

/minuto/

A unit of time equal to 60 seconds.

/giorno/

A period of 24 hours; the time between sunrise and sunset.

/settimana/

A period of seven days.

/mese/

One of the twelve divisions of the calendar year.

/anno/

A period of twelve months.

/oggi/

Referring to the current day.

/domani/

Referring to the day after today.

/ieri/

Referring to the day before today.

/madre/

A female parent.

/padre/

A male parent.

/genitore/

A mother or father; a person's parent.

/fratello/

A male sibling.

/sorella/

A female sibling.

/figlio/

A son; more broadly, a child of someone.

/figlia/

A female child in relation to her parents.

/marito/

A married man in relation to his spouse.

/moglie/

A married woman in relation to her spouse.

/nonno/

The father of one's mother or father.

/nonna/

The mother of one's mother or father.

/zio/

The brother of one's parent.

/zia/

The sister of one's parent.

/amico/

A person with whom one has a bond of mutual affection.

/vicino/

A person who lives nearby.

/uomo/

An adult male human being.

/donna/

An adult female human being.

/persona/

A human being regarded as an individual.

/pane/

A staple baked food made from flour, water and usually yeast.

/pasta/

An Italian staple food made from durum wheat dough, formed into various shapes.

/pizza/

A round flatbread topped with tomato sauce, cheese and other toppings, baked in an oven.

/acqua/

A transparent liquid essential for life.

/vino/

An alcoholic drink made from fermented grape juice.

/caffè/

A hot drink brewed from roasted coffee beans, very popular in Italy.

/colazione/

The first meal of the day, eaten in the morning.

/pranzo/

The midday meal.

/cena/

The main meal of the day, eaten in the evening.

/frutta/

The edible sweet product of a plant, typically containing seeds.

/verdura/

An edible plant or part of a plant used in cooking.

/carne/

The flesh of animals used as food.

/pesce/

An aquatic animal used as food.

/formaggio/

A food made from pressed curds of milk.

/gelato/

Italian-style ice cream, typically denser and more intensely flavoured than regular ice cream.

/ristorante/

A place where meals are cooked and served to customers.

/menù/

A list of dishes available in a restaurant.

/conto/

The bill presented to a customer in a restaurant or café.

/ricetta/

A set of instructions for preparing a dish, including ingredients and method.

/sapore/

The sensation produced by a substance in the mouth; taste.

/città/

A large settlement of people.

/strada/

A public road or path in a town or city.

/stazione/

A place where trains, buses, or other vehicles stop for passengers.

/treno/

A series of railway carriages drawn by a locomotive.

/biglietto/

A document that gives the holder the right to travel or attend an event.

/autobus/

A large motor vehicle used for public transport.

/aeroporto/

A place where aircraft take off and land.

/albergo/

An establishment providing accommodation for travellers.

/chiesa/

A building used for Christian worship.

/museo/

A building where objects of artistic, historical or scientific importance are displayed.

/piazza/

An open public area in a city or town.

/mare/

A large body of salt water.

/spiaggia/

A pebbly or sandy shore beside a sea or lake.

/montagna/

A large natural elevation of the earth's surface.

/mappa/

A diagrammatic representation of an area showing geographical features.

/nord/

The direction towards the North Pole; one of the four cardinal points.

/sud/

The direction towards the South Pole; one of the four cardinal points.

/guida turistica/

A person who leads tourists around places of interest.

/sole/

The star at the centre of our solar system.

/pioggia/

Water falling from clouds in drops.

/vento/

The natural movement of air; a current of air moving across the earth's surface.

/cielo/

The expanse of space visible from earth.

/albero/

A large plant with a woody trunk and branches.

/foresta/

A large area covered with trees and other plants.

/fiore/

The colourful part of a plant that produces seeds.

/fiume/

A large natural stream of water flowing towards the sea or a lake.

/lago/

A large area of water surrounded by land.

/terremoto/

A sudden violent shaking of the ground caused by movements in the earth's crust.

/vulcano/

A mountain from which hot gases and lava can erupt.

/animale/

A living organism that is not a plant or bacterium; especially a mammal.

/clima/

The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.

/inquinamento/

The presence of harmful substances in the environment.

/riciclaggio/

The process of converting waste into reusable material.

/paesaggio/

The visible features of an area of land.

/testa/

The upper part of the human body containing the brain and face.

/occhio/

The organ of sight in humans and animals.

/orecchio/

The organ of hearing.

/naso/

The organ used for smelling and breathing.

/bocca/

The opening in the face used for eating and speaking.

/dente/

One of the hard white structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.

/mano/

The end part of the arm beyond the wrist.

/piede/

The lower extremity of the leg below the ankle.

/medico/

A person qualified to practise medicine.

/ospedale/

An institution providing medical and surgical treatment.

/medicina/

A drug or other substance used to treat or prevent illness.

/malattia/

A disease or period of being unwell.

/dolore/

A highly unpleasant physical sensation caused by illness or injury.

/esercizio/

Physical activity done to improve health and strength.

/allergia/

A damaging immune response by the body to a substance to which it has become hypersensitive.

/lavoro/

Activity involving mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a result or earn money.

/ufficio/

A room or building used as a place for professional work.

/stipendio/

A fixed regular payment for employment.

/riunione/

An assembly of people for a discussion or business purpose.

/collega/

A person with whom one works.

/capo/

A person in charge of a worker or organisation.

/azienda/

A commercial business organisation.

/contratto/

A formal written agreement between parties.

/email/

Electronic messages sent via the internet.

/progetto/

An individual or collaborative enterprise planned to achieve a goal.

/cliente/

A person or organisation that buys goods or services.

/budget/

An estimate of income and expenditure for a set period.

/scadenza/

The latest time or date by which something should be completed.

/colloquio/

A formal meeting at which someone is questioned, especially for employment.

/tassa/

A compulsory financial charge or levy imposed by the government.

/imprenditore/

A person who starts and runs a business, taking financial risk.

/arte/

Creative activity producing works to be appreciated for beauty or emotional power.

/musica/

Sounds organised in time to be pleasing or expressive.

/opera/

A dramatic work combining singing and orchestral music; also a work or creation.

/festival/

A series of events celebrating a particular theme or occasion.

/tradizione/

A long-established custom or belief passed down through generations.

/religione/

A system of faith and worship.

/governo/

The group of people who govern a country or state.

/legge/

A rule made by a government that must be followed.

/scuola/

An institution for educating children.

/università/

A high-level educational institution for degree-level studies.

/cittadino/

A legally recognised member of a state or community.

/immigrazione/

The process of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

/essere/

The fundamental copular verb used to indicate existence, identity or state.

/avere/

To possess or own something; also used to form compound tenses.

/fare/

A very versatile verb meaning to do, make, or perform an action.

/andare/

To move or travel from one place to another.

/venire/

To move towards the speaker or a specified place.

/mangiare/

To put food in the mouth and chew and swallow it.

/bere/

To take liquid into the mouth and swallow it.

/parlare/

To express thoughts by saying words.

/ascoltare/

To give attention to a sound; to hear with intention.

/scrivere/

To mark letters or words on a surface with a pen, pencil or keyboard.

/leggere/

To look at and comprehend the meaning of written text.

/vedere/

To perceive with the eyes; to understand or recognise.

/guardare/

To direct one's gaze; to watch something attentively.

/volere/

To have a desire or wish for something.

/avere bisogno/

To require something as necessary or important.

/amare/

To feel deep affection or romantic love for someone or something.

/sapere/

To have knowledge or information about something.

/capire/

To perceive the meaning of something; to comprehend.

/pensare/

To use one's mind actively to form ideas or opinions.

/lavorare/

To perform a job or task, especially for money.

/vivere/

To be alive; to reside in a place.

/comprare/

To obtain something by paying money for it.

/pagare/

To give money in return for goods or services.

/grande/

Of considerable size; also used to mean great or important.

/piccolo/

Of less than normal or usual size.

/bello/

Pleasing the senses or mind aesthetically.

/brutto/

Unpleasant to look at; of poor quality or unpleasant nature.

/buono/

Of high quality or a satisfactory standard; morally right.

/cattivo/

Of poor quality or a low standard; morally wrong.

/nuovo/

Not existing before; made, introduced, or discovered recently.

/vecchio/

Having lived for a long time; having existed for many years.

/veloce/

Moving or capable of moving at high speed.

/lento/

Not moving quickly; taking a long time.

/caldo/

Having a high temperature; feeling warmth.

/freddo/

Having a low temperature; not warm.

/difficile/

Needing much effort or skill to accomplish or understand.

/facile/

Achieved without great effort; presenting few difficulties.

/importante/

Of great significance or value; likely to have a major effect.

/diverso/

Not the same as another or each other; unlike in nature or quality.

/stesso/

Identical; not different or other.

/stanco/

In need of sleep or rest; feeling fatigue.

/chi/

Used to ask about the identity of a person.

/che cosa/

Used to ask for information specifying something.

/dove/

Used to ask about the place or position of something.

/quando/

Used to ask about the time at which something happens.

/perché/

Used to ask the reason or purpose for something; also means "because".

/come/

Used to ask about the manner or way something is done.

/quanto/

Used to ask about the quantity or degree of something.

/quale/

Used to ask which one of a defined set.

/quanto è lontano/

Used to ask the distance to a place.

/di chi/

Used to ask who owns or is associated with something.

/quanto tempo/

Used to ask the duration of something.

/c'è/

Used to state or ask about the existence of something.

/casa/

A building or place where someone lives.

/cucina/

The room where food is cooked.

/camera da letto/

A room used for sleeping.

/bagno/

A room containing a bath or shower and usually a toilet.

/negozio/

A building or part of a building where goods are sold.

/mercato/

An outdoor or covered area where goods are sold.

/soldi/

A medium of exchange in the form of coins and banknotes.

/telefono/

A device used for speaking to someone in another place.

/computer/

An electronic device for processing information.

/macchina/

A road vehicle with an engine.

/giornale/

A printed publication containing news and information.

/vendere/

To hand something over in exchange for money.

/cucinare/

To prepare food by heating it.

/dormire/

To rest in a state of reduced consciousness.

/svegliarsi/

To stop sleeping; to become conscious and alert.

/chiavi/

Metal instruments used to open locks.

/felice/

Feeling or showing pleasure or contentment.

/triste/

Feeling or showing sorrow; unhappy.

/gioia/

A feeling of great happiness or delight.

/amore/

An intense feeling of deep affection.

/paura/

An unpleasant emotion caused by the threat of danger or pain.

/arrabbiato/

Feeling strong displeasure and hostility.

/sorpreso/

Feeling or showing shock from something unexpected.

/annoiato/

Feeling weary and uninterested.

/ansioso/

Experiencing worry, nervousness or unease.

/stressato/

Suffering from mental or emotional tension or pressure.

/orgoglioso/

Feeling deep pleasure from one's own or another's achievements.

/imbarazzato/

Feeling self-conscious or ashamed in front of others.

/solitudine/

The state of feeling sad because one has no friends or company.

/nostalgia/

A sentimental longing for the past.

/sei/

The number 6.

/mezzanotte/

Twelve o'clock at night.

/cugino/

A child of one's uncle or aunt.

/olio/

A liquid fat used in cooking; in Italian cuisine especially olive oil.

/collina/

A naturally raised area of land, lower than a mountain.

/neve/

Frozen water vapour that falls from the sky in white flakes.

/cuore/

The organ that pumps blood; also a symbol of love and emotion.

/sport/

A competitive or recreational physical activity.

/viaggiare/

To make a journey, typically of some length.

/ricordare/

To have something come back into one's mind; to recall.