ਪੰਜਾਬੀ(Punjabi)

/samvidhaan/

ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਸਰਵਉੱਚ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਜੋ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਦੀ ਬਣਤਰ ਅਤੇ ਨਾਗਰਿਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਨਿਰਧਾਰਿਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।

Constitution

/loktantar/

A system where citizens elect representatives to govern.

/niaan/

Fair and impartial administration of law.

/sansad/

Supreme legislative body of India.

/buniadi adhikar/

Rights guaranteed to all citizens by the Constitution.

/supreme court/

Highest court in India.

/panchayat/

Village-level local self-government body.

/arthvyavastha/

System of production and consumption.

/taiks/

Compulsory payment collected by government.

/chon/

Formal process of selecting representatives.

/bhrishtachar/

Abuse of power for personal gain.

/sikhia/

Process of acquiring knowledge and skills.

/sehat/

State of physical and mental well-being.

/kheti baadi/

Practice of farming and cultivation.

/udyog/

Economic activity involving manufacturing.

/aazaadi/

Freedom from external control; national independence.

/barabari/

Equal rights and opportunities for all.

/vatavaran/

The natural world.

/sabbhyachar/

The customs and achievements of a people.

/bhaasha/

A system of communication.

/itihaas/

The recorded past of human civilization.

/rajneeti/

Activities related to governance and power.

/bajat/

Annual financial statement of government.

/garibi/

Insufficient income to meet basic needs.

/aabadi/

Total number of people in a region.

/samajik nian/

Fair distribution of resources in society.

/naagrikata/

Legal membership of a state.

/vikaas/

Economic and social progress.

/kaumparasti/

Devotion to one's nation.

/dharam/

Righteousness and moral duty in Indian philosophy.

/sarkaar/

Governing body of a state or nation.

/kaanoon/

A system of rules enforced by the state.

/adhikaar/

A legal or moral entitlement.

/farj/

A moral or legal obligation.

/manukhi adhikaar/

Universal rights belonging to every person.

/dharam-nirpakhta/

State treats all religions equally.

/rashtraapati/

Constitutional head of state of India.

/pradhan mantri/

Head of government.

/mukhh mantri/

Head of a state government.

/vidhan sabha/

Law-making body of a state.

/lok sabha/

Lower house of Parliament.

/raj sabha/

Upper house of Parliament.

/ahimsa/

Principle of not causing harm.

/globalisation/

Integration of world economies and cultures.

/udaarkaraan/

Removal of restrictions on economic activity.

/nijjikaraan/

Transfer from government to private sector.

/berojgaari/

State of lacking paid work while seeking employment.

/tikaau vikaas/

Development meeting present needs without compromising the future.

/bhrishtachar virodhi/

Measures to prevent and combat corruption.

/digital bharat/

Government initiative to transform India into a digitally empowered society.

/sat sri akal/

The Sikh Punjabi greeting, honoring the timeless God; used for hello and goodbye.

/ki haal hai/

The everyday Punjabi way to ask how someone is.

/theek haan/

The standard reply to how are you.

/ji/

The little word of respect added everywhere — haan ji, nahin ji!

/shubh saver/

A morning greeting.

/shubh raat/

Said before going to bed.

/fer milange/

A warm farewell, literally we will meet again.

/changa/

Good or okay — and the classic casual Punjabi goodbye.

/shukria/

The standard thanks; dhanvaad is also used.

/koi gal nahin/

The easy-going reply to thanks or apologies, literally no matter.

/maaf karna/

A polite apology, also used to get someone's attention.

/haan/

An affirmative answer; haan ji with respect.

/nahin/

A negative answer; also negates verbs.

/vadhia/

The favorite Punjabi word for great, first-class, wonderful!

/mera naam/

Used to introduce yourself; mera naam ... hai.

/mil ke khushi hoi/

Said when meeting someone, literally happiness came from meeting.

/ji aaian nu/

The heartfelt Punjabi welcome to guests.

/vadhaian/

Joyful congratulations — lakh lakh vadhaian, a hundred thousand of them!

/mainu samajh nahin aaya/

A useful phrase for learners when something is unclear.

/ik/

The number one; Ik Onkar — One God — opens the Guru Granth Sahib.

/do/

The number two.

/tinn/

The number three.

/chaar/

The number four.

/panj/

The number five — Punjab itself means land of five rivers!

/chhe/

The number six.

/satt/

The number seven.

/atth/

The number eight.

/naun/

The number nine.

/das/

The number ten; Sikhi has ten Gurus.

/sau/

The number one hundred.

/hazaar/

The number one thousand.

/ajj/

The present day.

/kallh/

Means both tomorrow and yesterday — the verb tense tells you which!

/hun/

At the present moment.

/ghanta/

A period of sixty minutes.

/mint/

A period of sixty seconds.

/hafta/

A period of seven days.

/saal/

A period of twelve months; Vaisakhi opens the harvest year.

/parivaar/

A group of people related by blood or marriage.

/maa/

Mother — bebe with affection; maa boli means mother tongue.

/pita/

Father; bapu with affection.

/veer/

Brother — veer ji is also a warm address for any man.

/bhain/

A female sibling; bhain ji with respect.

/putt/

Son — and the affectionate way elders address any youngster.

/dhee/

A female child.

/dada/

Your father's father; the mother's father is nana.

/dadi/

Your father's mother; her pinnis and parathas are legend.

/pati/

The man a woman is married to.

/patni/

The woman a man is married to.

/baccha/

A young person; plural bacche.

/yaar/

The classic Punjabi word for buddy — yaari is friendship itself.

/dost/

A person you know well and like.

/banda/

An everyday word for a man or fellow.

/aurat/

An adult female person.

/adhiapak/

A person who teaches; masterji with affection.

/vidiarthi/

A person who studies at school or university.

/guandhi/

A person who lives next to or near you.

/paani/

The clear liquid essential for life — five rivers of it gave Punjab its name.

/chaa/

Tea — every Punjabi conversation begins over a cup.

/lassi/

The tall glass of churned yogurt — Punjab's gift to thirsty summers.

/roti/

The flatbread — roti also simply means a meal.

/makki di roti/

Cornbread with sarson da saag — the iconic Punjabi winter meal.

/saag/

Slow-cooked greens, classically sarson da saag with a dollop of white butter.

/makkhan/

White butter — generously spread on parathas and saag.

/duddh/

Milk — Punjab's dairies make it the land of milk and butter.

/paratha/

Layered fried flatbread, stuffed with aloo, gobhi or paneer — breakfast royalty.

/dahin/

Curd, served with parathas or churned into lassi.

/sabzi/

Vegetables, or any cooked vegetable dish eaten with roti.

/daal/

Lentil curry — daal makhani is Punjab's creamy black-lentil masterpiece.

/paneer/

Fresh cheese cubes — shahi paneer and paneer tikka are crowd favorites.

/mithai/

Sweets — laddoo, jalebi, barfi — distributed at every happy occasion.

/amb/

The king of fruits, loved fresh and in pickles.

/seb/

A common fruit.

/kanak/

Wheat — the golden crop of Punjab, India's breadbasket.

/chaul/

Cooked rice; rajma-chawal is a beloved combo.

/khand/

Sugar; gur (jaggery) is the rustic favorite.

/loon/

Salt, the basic seasoning.

/bhukkh/

The feeling of needing food; bhukkh laggi hai — I am hungry.

/ghar/

The place where you live.

/pind/

The Punjabi village — heart of its culture, fields and folk life.

/shahir/

A large town like Ludhiana, Amritsar or Jalandhar.

/gurdwara/

The Sikh house of worship — door of the Guru — open to all, serving langar.

/harmandir sahib/

Sri Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar, the holiest gurdwara, gleaming in gold over its sacred pool.

/bazaar/

A street of shops where people buy and bargain.

/dukaan/

A place where things are sold.

/sarak/

A paved way for vehicles; the GT Road crosses all of Punjab.

/gaddi/

Any vehicle — car, train or cart; context decides.

/bass/

Public road transport connecting pind to shahir.

/khet/

Farmland — the green wheat fields define Punjab's landscape.

/sakool/

A place where children study.

/haspataal/

A place where the sick are treated.

/kitthe/

Question word asking about place.

/kitthon/

Question word asking about origin.

/ki/

Question word for things; also turns statements into yes-no questions.

/kaun/

Question word for people.

/kiun/

Question word asking for a reason.

/kiven/

Question word asking about manner — kiven ho? how are you?

/kadon/

Question word asking about time.

/kinna/

Question word for quantity or price; kinne da hai — how much is it?

/kinna samaan/

Asks the duration of something.

/kehra/

Question word for choosing among options.

/darya/

A large flowing waterway — five of them (panj-aab) name the land.

/rukkh/

A tall plant with a trunk; the village banyan shades many gatherings.

/phull/

The blossom of a plant — phulkari embroidery means flower-work.

/sooraj/

The star that lights our days.

/chann/

Earth's moon — also a sweet name for a beloved, mera chann!

/taara/

A point of light in the night sky.

/mausam/

The state of the sky and air.

/meenh/

Water falling from clouds — the monsoon that feeds the fields.

/baddal/

A mass of water vapor in the sky.

/hawa/

Moving air; a cool breeze in the fields.

/asmaan/

The expanse above — where kites fly on Basant.

/dharti/

The ground and the planet — Punjab di dharti, the beloved soil.

/garmi/

Hot weather — Punjabi summers blaze past 45 degrees.

/sardi/

Cold weather — foggy Decembers with saag and gur.

/jaanvar/

Any living creature.

/majjh/

The water buffalo — pride of the Punjabi dairy household.

/kutta/

The loyal four-legged companion.

/panchhi/

A feathered flying creature.

/sir/

The top part of the body — covered with respect in the gurdwara.

/vaal/

Hair — kesh, kept uncut, is one of the five Sikh articles of faith.

/akkh/

The organ of sight; plural akkhan fills countless folk songs.

/hatth/

The part at the end of the arm.

/pair/

The part of the body you stand on; touching elders' feet shows respect.

/latt/

The limb used for walking — and for bhangra jumps!

/dil/

The heart — organ and seat of emotion; dil khol ke, with an open heart.

/pet/

The belly; pet dukhda hai — my stomach hurts.

/moonh/

The mouth or face — mooh mittha karo, sweeten your mouth, means celebrate!

/dand/

Teeth, used for chewing.

/kann/

The organ of hearing.

/nakk/

The organ of smell — also family honor in idiom, nakk rakhna!

/bimaar/

Not in good health.

/dawai/

Something taken to cure illness.

/daktar/

A person who treats the sick.

/dard/

An unpleasant hurting feeling.

/neend/

Rest with closed eyes; neend aa rahi hai — I am sleepy.

/kamm/

A job or task; kamm karna — to work.

/naukri/

Paid employment.

/daftar/

A place of clerical or professional work.

/paisa/

Currency; paise plural — the means of buying.

/rupaiya/

The Indian currency unit.

/kisaan/

The tiller of the land — backbone of Punjab, feeder of the nation.

/vapaar/

Commercial activity, buying and selling.

/mehnat/

Effort and toil — the celebrated Punjabi virtue; mehnat rang liaundi hai.

/chhutti/

A day off from work or school.

/phone/

The device for calls; phone karna — to call.

/kitaab/

Pages bound for reading.

/punjabi/

The language of Punjab and its people — written in Gurmukhi in India, Shahmukhi in Pakistan.

/gurmukhi/

The script of Punjabi in India, standardized by Guru Angad Dev — from the Guru's mouth.

/maa boli/

Your first language — Punjabis call theirs maa boli with deep pride.

/bhangra/

The high-energy harvest dance with dhol beats — now a global party staple.

/gidha/

The women's folk dance of claps and witty boliyan verses.

/dhol/

The big double-headed drum whose beat drives bhangra.

/vaisakhi/

The April harvest festival — and the birth of the Khalsa in 1699.

/lohri/

The January bonfire festival with rewri, peanuts and songs around the flames.

/langar/

The free community kitchen of the gurdwara — all eat together as equals.

/seva/

Voluntary service for others — washing dishes in langar, sweeping the gurdwara.

/pagg/

The turban — crown of self-respect and identity for Sikh men.

/phulkari/

Flower-work — the bright silk embroidery of Punjabi dupattas and shawls.

/viah/

Marriage — days of music, mehndi, bhangra and feasting.

/mela/

A village fair with rides, stalls and wrestling bouts.

/boli/

A witty sung couplet in giddha — also means speech or dialect.

/karna/

The all-purpose verb of action; kamm karna — to work.

/hona/

To exist or occur — the backbone verb of the language.

/jaana/

To move from here to there.

/auna/

To move toward the speaker.

/khaana/

To consume food — as a noun it also means food itself.

/peena/

To consume a liquid.

/dekhna/

To look at something.

/sunna/

To perceive sound.

/bolna/

To say words; Punjabi bolo — speak Punjabi!

/dassna/

To inform someone; daso ji — do tell!

/puchhna/

To put a question.

/parhna/

To read text or pursue studies.

/likhna/

To put words on paper or screen.

/laina/

To receive or grab something.

/dena/

To hand something over.

/kharidna/

To get something by paying money.

/vechna/

To exchange goods for money.

/sauna/

To rest in sleep.

/utthna/

To rise from sleep or sitting.

/challna/

To go on foot or be in motion; challo — let's go!

/daurna/

To move fast on foot.

/khedna/

To take part in games — kabaddi is Punjab's pride.

/gauna/

To make music with the voice — Punjab sings at every occasion.

/nachna/

To move to music — to bhangra and giddha beats.

/samajhna/

To grasp the meaning of something.

/sikhna/

To gain knowledge or skill — the very word Sikh means learner.

/sochna/

To use the mind.

/jaanna/

To have knowledge of something or someone.

/milna/

To meet someone, or to receive something.

/banauna/

To create or prepare something.

/rakkhna/

To place or retain something.

/labbhna/

To look for or discover something.

/udeekna/

To stay until something happens — udeek is the ache of waiting in folk songs.

/pasand karna/

To find something pleasing; mainu pasand hai — I like it.

/madad karna/

To assist someone.

/vadda/

Large in size, or senior in age — vadda veer, elder brother.

/chhota/

Little in size, or junior in age.

/manda/

Of poor quality or unkind; manda na bolo — speak no ill.

/navaan/

Recently made or arrived.

/purana/

Existing for a long time — for people use buddha or vadda.

/garam/

High in temperature; garam cha — hot tea.

/thanda/

Low in temperature; thandi lassi — cold lassi.

/sohna/

Lovely to look at — sohni for feminine; the legend of Sohni-Mahiwal carries the name.

/uccha/

Of great height; also loud for voices.

/lamma/

Of great length, or a tall person.

/tez/

Quick in speed, sharp in edge or mind — tez dimaag, a sharp brain.

/hauli/

Slow in speed or gentle in manner; hauli bolo — speak softly.

/mittha/

Sugary in taste — or sweet in speech, mitthi boli.

/khatta/

Acidic in taste like lemon or raw mango.

/saaf/

Free of dirt; also clear and honest speech, saaf gal.

/ganda/

Covered in dirt; unclean.

/sasta/

Low in price.

/mehnga/

High in price.

/sidha/

Without bends — or a straightforward person.

/khabbe/

Toward the left side.

/sajje/

Toward the right side.

/savere/

The early part of the day — amrit vela, the pre-dawn hour, is treasured for prayer.

/shaam/

The close of the day.

/raat/

The dark hours for rest.

/kapde/

Garments — the salwar-kameez and kurta-pajama of daily Punjab.

/jutti/

The embroidered traditional flat shoe — Patiala juttis are famous.

/mez/

Furniture with a flat top.

/kursi/

A seat with a back; the manja (rope cot) is its village cousin.

/manja/

The woven rope bed — village afternoons are napped on it under shade.

/darwaza/

The entry of a house or room.

/khirki/

An opening in a wall for light and air.

/agg/

Burning flame — the Lohri bonfire gathers the whole mohalla.

/patang/

The paper kite — Basant fills the sky with them.

/gali/

A narrow street of the mohalla where children play.

/naam/

What a person is called; in Sikhi, Naam also means remembrance of God.

/gall/

A thing said or discussed — gallan, the long chats over chai.

/khush/

Feeling joy.

/khushi/

The feeling of joy; khushian — celebrations.

/udaas/

Feeling sorrow.

/pyaar/

Deep affection — the soul of Heer-Ranjha and every Punjabi song.

/gussa/

The hot feeling of rage; gussa na karo — don't be angry.

/darr/

The feeling of being afraid; nidarr — fearless.

/hassna/

To express joy aloud — Punjabi gatherings overflow with laughter.

/rona/

To shed tears.

/umeed/

Expectation that good will come; chardi kala embodies eternal optimism.

/chardi kala/

The Sikh spirit of rising spirits — joyful resilience even in hardship.

/sharam/

Bashfulness or embarrassment.

/yaad/

What stays in the mind; teri yaad aundi hai — I miss you.

/swaad/

Flavor — swaad aa gaya means pure enjoyment, of food or life!

/rabb/

The everyday Punjabi word for God — Rabb rakha, may God protect you.

/waheguru/

The Sikh name of God — Wondrous Enlightener — repeated in meditation and greeting.