Polski(Polish)

/konstytucja/

Constitution: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/demokracja/

Democracy: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/sprawiedliwość/

Justice: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/parlament/

Parliament: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/prawa podstawowe/

Fundamental Rights: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/sąd najwyższy/

Supreme Court: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/gospodarka/

Economy: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/podatek/

Tax: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/inflacja/

Inflation: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/PKB/

GDP: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/wybory/

Election: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/korupcja/

Corruption: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/edukacja/

Education: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/zdrowie/

Health: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/rolnictwo/

Agriculture: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/przemysł/

Industry: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/wolność/

Freedom: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/równość/

Equality: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/środowisko/

Environment: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/kultura/

Culture: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/język/

Language: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/historia/

History: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/polityka/

Politics: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/budżet/

Budget: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/ubóstwo/

Poverty: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/ludność/

Population: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/sprawiedliwość społeczna/

Social Justice: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/obywatelstwo/

Citizenship: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/rozwój/

Development: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/suwerenność/

Sovereignty: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/dyplomacja/

Diplomacy: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/prawa człowieka/

Human Rights: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/zrównoważony rozwój/

Sustainable Development: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/globalizacja/

Globalisation: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/innowacja/

Innovation: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/technologia/

Technology: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/narody zjednoczone/

United Nations: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/reforma/

Reform: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/pokój/

Peace: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/różnorodność/

Diversity: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/handel/

Trade: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/inwestycja/

Investment: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/bezrobocie/

Unemployment: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/polityka fiskalna/

Fiscal Policy: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/polityka pieniężna/

Monetary Policy: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/podział władzy/

Separation of Powers: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/państwo opiekuńcze/

Welfare State: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/prezydent/

President: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/premier/

Prime Minister: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/federalizm/

Federalism: a key concept in governance, law, and public administration.

/cześć/

An informal greeting or farewell used among friends.

/dzień dobry/

A formal daytime greeting used with strangers or in professional settings.

/dobry wieczór/

A formal greeting used in the evening hours.

/dobranoc/

A farewell said when someone is going to sleep.

/do widzenia/

A formal farewell phrase used when parting.

/proszę/

A versatile polite word used for requests, offering something, or responding to thanks.

/dziękuję/

An expression of gratitude toward someone.

/przepraszam/

Used both to get attention and to apologize.

/jak się masz?/

An informal question asking about someone's well-being.

/dobrze/

Used to express that something is going well or is correct.

/tak/

The affirmative answer to a question.

/nie/

The negative answer to a question, also used as a negation particle.

/może/

Expresses uncertainty or a possibility.

/rozumiem/

First-person singular present of rozumieć, indicating comprehension.

/nie rozumiem/

Indicates a lack of comprehension.

/na zdrowie/

Said when toasting drinks or when someone sneezes.

/witam/

A somewhat formal greeting, often used in writing or announcements.

/do zobaczenia/

An informal or semi-formal farewell implying a future meeting.

/jeden/

The cardinal number one, masculine form.

/dwa/

The cardinal number two.

/trzy/

The cardinal number three.

/cztery/

The cardinal number four.

/pięć/

The cardinal number five.

/dziesięć/

The cardinal number ten.

/dwadzieścia/

The cardinal number twenty.

/sto/

The cardinal number one hundred.

/godzina/

A unit of time equal to sixty minutes; also used to state the time.

/minuta/

A unit of time equal to sixty seconds.

/dzień/

A period of twenty-four hours or the daytime portion of it.

/noc/

The dark period between sunset and sunrise.

/tydzień/

A period of seven days.

/miesiąc/

One of the twelve divisions of a year.

/rok/

A period of twelve months or 365 days.

/dzisiaj/

Refers to the current day.

/jutro/

Refers to the day following today.

/wczoraj/

Refers to the day before today.

/mama/

An informal word for one's mother.

/tata/

An informal word for one's father.

/matka/

A formal or literary word for one's female parent.

/ojciec/

A formal word for one's male parent.

/brat/

A male sibling.

/siostra/

A female sibling.

/dziecko/

A young human being; also used as a term of endearment.

/syn/

A male child in relation to his parents.

/córka/

A female child in relation to her parents.

/babcia/

An informal and affectionate word for one's grandmother.

/dziadek/

An informal and affectionate word for one's grandfather.

/mąż/

A man in relation to his wife; a married male partner.

/żona/

A woman in relation to her husband; a married female partner.

/przyjaciel/

A close male friend; a person one has a deep mutual bond with.

/przyjaciółka/

A close female friend; a woman one has a deep mutual bond with.

/kolega/

A male classmate, coworker, or acquaintance.

/koleżanka/

A female classmate, coworker, or acquaintance.

/człowiek/

A human being; also used colloquially to address someone.

/chleb/

A staple baked food made from flour and water, central to Polish cuisine.

/woda/

A clear liquid essential for life; the most basic drink.

/kawa/

A popular hot drink made from roasted coffee beans.

/herbata/

A hot drink brewed from dried tea leaves, very popular in Poland.

/mleko/

A white liquid produced by mammals; a common drink and ingredient.

/ser/

A dairy product made by curdling milk.

/masło/

A dairy product made from churned cream, spread on bread.

/mięso/

Animal flesh used as food.

/ryba/

An aquatic animal used as food.

/warzywa/

Edible plants or parts of plants used as food (plural).

/owoce/

Sweet edible products of trees or plants (plural).

/zupa/

A liquid dish made by boiling ingredients in water or stock.

/obiad/

The main hot meal of the day, typically eaten around midday in Poland.

/śniadanie/

The first meal of the day, eaten in the morning.

/kolacja/

The evening meal, typically lighter than the midday meal in Poland.

/jajko/

An oval or round object laid by female birds, used as food.

/piwo/

An alcoholic drink made from fermented grain, popular in Poland.

/wino/

An alcoholic drink made from fermented grapes.

/cukier/

A sweet crystalline substance obtained from plants, used in cooking.

/sól/

A white crystalline mineral used to season food.

/miasto/

A large urban settlement.

/wieś/

A small rural settlement or the rural landscape.

/ulica/

A public road in a city or town, typically with buildings on each side.

/plac/

An open public area in a town, often surrounded by buildings.

/dworzec/

A building where trains or buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers.

/lotnisko/

A place where aircraft take off and land.

/hotel/

An establishment providing accommodation for travellers.

/pociąg/

A vehicle that runs on rails and carries passengers or cargo.

/autobus/

A large road vehicle designed to carry many passengers.

/tramwaj/

A rail vehicle that runs on tracks laid in the road surface of a city.

/samolot/

A powered flying vehicle with fixed wings.

/mapa/

A diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea.

/sklep/

A place where goods are sold.

/rynek/

A central public square where markets are or were held; also means the market economy.

/kościół/

A building used for public Christian worship.

/szpital/

An institution providing medical and surgical treatment.

/park/

A large public green area in a town used for recreation.

/natura/

The physical world including plants, animals, and landscape.

/las/

A large area covered with trees.

/rzeka/

A large natural stream of water flowing toward a sea or lake.

/morze/

A large body of salt water partly or fully enclosed by land.

/jezioro/

A large body of water surrounded by land.

/góra/

A large natural elevation of earth's surface.

/drzewo/

A tall woody plant with a trunk and branches.

/kwiat/

The colourful reproductive part of a plant.

/pogoda/

The condition of the air, such as sun, rain, or wind.

/słońce/

The star that gives Earth light and warmth.

/księżyc/

The bright object seen in the sky at night.

/gwiazda/

A point of light visible in the night sky.

/deszcz/

Water that falls from clouds in drops.

/śnieg/

Soft white frozen water that falls in winter.

/wiatr/

Moving air that you can feel.

/zwierzę/

A living creature such as a dog, bird, or fish.

/ciało/

The whole physical structure of a person.

/głowa/

The top part of the body containing the brain and face.

/oko/

The part of the body used for seeing.

/ucho/

The part of the body used for hearing.

/nos/

The part of the face used for smelling and breathing.

/usta/

The part of the face used for eating and speaking; always plural in Polish.

/ręka/

The upper limb, covering both hand and arm in everyday speech.

/noga/

The lower limb used for walking.

/serce/

The organ that pumps blood, also used for feelings.

/włosy/

The hair on a person's head; used in the plural in Polish.

/brzuch/

The front part of the body below the chest.

/lekarz/

A person trained to treat sick people.

/lekarstwo/

Something you take to treat an illness.

/chory/

Ill, not in good health.

/ból/

An unpleasant physical feeling caused by illness or injury.

/praca/

A job, or the activity of working.

/firma/

A business organization that sells goods or services.

/biuro/

A room or building where people work at desks.

/szef/

The person in charge at work.

/współpracownik/

A person you work with.

/spotkanie/

An occasion when people come together to discuss something.

/pieniądze/

Coins and banknotes used to buy things; plural in Polish.

/pensja/

The money you receive regularly for your work.

/komputer/

An electronic machine used for work and entertainment.

/telefon/

A device used for calling and messaging people.

/zawód/

The type of work a person is trained to do.

/projekt/

A planned piece of work with a clear goal.

/klient/

A person who buys goods or services.

/umowa/

A formal written agreement.

/kierownik/

A person who organizes the work of a team or place.

/fabryka/

A building where goods are made with machines.

/książka/

Written pages bound together for reading.

/muzyka/

Sounds arranged in a pleasing way, made by voices or instruments.

/film/

A story shown in moving pictures.

/sztuka/

Painting, sculpture, theatre, and other creative work.

/muzeum/

A building where important objects and art are shown.

/święto/

A special day of celebration.

/religia/

Belief in and worship of a god or gods.

/rząd/

The group of people who rule a country.

/wiadomości/

Reports about recent events; plural in Polish.

/społeczeństwo/

People living together in an organized community.

/tradycja/

A custom passed down through generations.

/być/

To exist or to have a certain quality.

/mieć/

To own or possess something.

/iść/

To move somewhere by walking.

/jechać/

To travel somewhere by car, bus, or train.

/jeść/

To put food in your mouth and swallow it.

/pić/

To take liquid into your mouth and swallow it.

/widzieć/

To notice something with your eyes.

/słuchać/

To pay attention to sounds or speech.

/mówić/

To say words, to talk.

/czytać/

To look at words and understand them.

/pisać/

To form letters and words on paper or a screen.

/kupować/

To get something by paying money.

/sprzedawać/

To give something in exchange for money.

/robić/

To perform an action or create something.

/pracować/

To do a job, especially for money.

/myśleć/

To use your mind to form ideas or opinions.

/chcieć/

To wish for or desire something.

/kochać/

To feel deep affection for someone.

/lubić/

To find something pleasant or enjoyable.

/uczyć się/

To gain knowledge or skill.

/wiedzieć/

To have information in your mind.

/znać/

To be familiar with a person, place, or thing.

/dawać/

To hand something to someone.

/brać/

To pick something up or accept it.

/szukać/

To try to find something.

/pomagać/

To make something easier for someone.

/zaczynać/

To start doing something.

/kończyć/

To bring something to an end.

/dobry/

Of high quality or pleasant.

/zły/

Of poor quality, or feeling anger.

/duży/

Of great size.

/mały/

Of little size.

/nowy/

Recently made or bought.

/stary/

Having existed for a long time.

/młody/

Not old, in an early stage of life.

/wysoki/

Of great height.

/niski/

Of little height.

/długi/

Of great length or duration.

/krótki/

Of little length or duration.

/gorący/

Having a high temperature.

/zimny/

Having a low temperature.

/szybki/

Moving or happening quickly.

/wolny/

Moving slowly, or not occupied.

/drogi/

Costing a lot of money.

/tani/

Costing little money.

/piękny/

Very pleasing to look at.

/łatwy/

Not difficult to do or understand.

/trudny/

Hard to do or understand.

/ważny/

Having great value or significance.

/czysty/

Free from dirt.

/co/

Used to ask about things.

/kto/

Used to ask about people.

/gdzie/

Used to ask about places.

/kiedy/

Used to ask about time.

/dlaczego/

Used to ask about reasons.

/jak/

Used to ask about manner or way.

/ile/

Used to ask about quantity.

/który/

Used to ask about a choice between options.

/czyj/

Used to ask about ownership.

/czy/

A particle that turns a statement into a yes/no question.

/dom/

A building where people live, or your home.

/mieszkanie/

A set of rooms for living in, part of a larger building.

/kuchnia/

The room where food is prepared; also means cuisine.

/łazienka/

The room with a bath or shower.

/sypialnia/

The room where you sleep.

/drzwi/

The entrance to a room or building; always plural in Polish.

/okno/

An opening in a wall with glass that lets in light.

/stół/

A piece of furniture with a flat top.

/krzesło/

A seat with a back for one person.

/łóżko/

A piece of furniture for sleeping.

/spać/

To rest with your eyes closed at night.

/ubranie/

Things you wear, such as shirts and trousers.

/buty/

Footwear; plural of but.

/klucz/

A metal object used to open locks.

/zegarek/

A small clock worn on the wrist.

/telewizor/

A device for watching programmes and films.

/lampa/

A device that gives light.

/torba/

A container with handles for carrying things.

/gotować/

To prepare food by heating it.

/sprzątać/

To make a place clean and orderly.

/zakupy/

The activity of buying things; plural in Polish.

/ogród/

An area with plants and flowers next to a house.

/szczęśliwy/

Feeling pleasure and joy.

/smutny/

Feeling unhappy.

/wesoły/

Full of joy and good humour.

/zdenerwowany/

Feeling worried or annoyed.

/przestraszony/

Feeling fear.

/zmęczony/

Needing rest after work or activity.

/głodny/

Feeling the need to eat.

/spragniony/

Feeling the need to drink.

/zmartwiony/

Feeling anxious about something.

/znudzony/

Feeling tired because something is not interesting.

/podekscytowany/

Feeling very happy and enthusiastic about something.

/zaskoczony/

Feeling wonder because of something unexpected.

/miłość/

A deep feeling of affection.

/nadzieja/

The feeling that something good will happen.