தமிழ்(Tamil)

/arasiyalamaipu/

நாட்டின் உயரிய சட்டம், அரசாங்கத்தின் கட்டமைப்பை வரையறுக்கிறது.

Constitution

/neethi/

சட்டத்தின் நியாயமான நிர்வாகம்.

Justice

/jananayagam/

மக்கள் தேர்ந்தெடுத்த பிரதிநிதிகள் மூலம் அதிகாரம் செலுத்தும் அரசு முறை.

Democracy

/naadaalumanram/

The supreme legislative body of India comprising President, Rajya Sabha, and Lok Sabha.

/adipppadai urimaigal/

Rights guaranteed to all citizens by the Constitution that cannot be easily taken away.

/chattamanram/

The law-making body of government.

/neethimanram/

A tribunal where legal cases are heard and decided by a judge.

/uccha neethimanram/

The highest court in India, final authority on constitutional matters.

/uuraga manram/

Village-level local self-government body.

/vaakkurimai/

The constitutional right of citizens to vote in elections.

/porulaataaram/

The system by which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed in a society.

/vari/

Compulsory payments collected by the government from individuals and businesses.

/panaveekkam/

A sustained increase in the general price level, reducing purchasing power.

/motta ulnaattu urpatti/

Total value of goods and services produced within a country in a period.

/makkal nalan/

The general well-being of the population as a goal of government policy.

/kalvi urimai/

Constitutional right guaranteeing free and compulsory education to children aged 6-14.

/thagaval urimai/

Law enabling citizens to request information from public authorities.

/uuzhal/

Abuse of power for personal gain; dishonest conduct by those in authority.

/mathascharpimai/

The principle that the state treats all religions equally.

/iraiyaanmai/

The supreme authority of a state to govern itself.

/kalachaaram/

The customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a people or nation.

/marabu/

Customs and beliefs passed down from generation to generation.

/ilakkiyam/

கலை அல்லது அறிவார்ந்த மதிப்புமிக்க எழுதப்பட்ட படைப்புகள்.

Literature

/thirukkural/

திருவள்ளுவர் இயற்றிய 1330 குறட்பாக்கள் கொண்ட நீதி நூல்.

Thirukkural

/samooga neethi/

Fair distribution of resources and opportunities across society.

/pattiyalchatiyinar/

Communities historically disadvantaged by untouchability, now protected by constitutional provisions.

/arasu/

The governing body of a state or nation.

/chattam/

A system of rules created and enforced by social or governmental institutions.

/urimai/

A legally or morally justified entitlement.

/kadamai/

A moral or legal obligation; a responsibility one is bound to perform.

/valarchi/

Economic and social progress; improvement of living standards.

/velaaanmai/

The science and practice of farming, cultivation of crops and rearing of animals.

/thozhil/

Economic activity concerned with processing raw materials and manufacturing goods.

/eetrumatai/

Goods or services sold to foreign countries.

/irakkumatai/

Goods or services bought from foreign countries.

/makkalthokai/

The number of people inhabiting a country or region.

/nagarppuram/

Relating to a city or town.

/kiramappuram/

Relating to the countryside.

/suttruchoozhall/

The natural world including air, water, land, and living organisms.

/tamizh/

உலகின் மிகப் பழமையான மொழிகளில் ஒன்று; தமிழ்நாடு மற்றும் இலங்கையில் பேசப்படுகிறது.

Tamil

/pothu thurai/

Part of the economy controlled by government.

/thaniyar thurai/

Part of the economy operated by private individuals and companies.

/suthantiram/

The state of being free from control or restriction; national independence.

/therthal/

A formal process of selecting a person for public office by voting.

/vaakkalippu/

The act of casting a vote to select candidates or decide on issues.

/arasiyall/

Activities associated with governance, power, and making decisions for groups.

/neethipathi/

An official who presides over a court of law and decides cases.

/vazhakarinar/

A person who practises law and advises or represents clients in legal matters.

/uuraga valarchi/

Improvement of rural areas' economy, infrastructure, and living conditions.

/manithauurimaigal/

Universal rights inherent to every person regardless of background.

/nadalumandram/

தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்ட பிரதிநிதிகள் சட்டங்களை இயற்றும் ஒரு நாட்டின் உச்ச சட்டமன்ற அமைப்பு.

Parliament

/amaicharavai/

கொள்கை முடிவுகளை எடுக்கும் மூத்த அமைச்சர்களின் குழு.

Cabinet

/thiruththam/

சட்டம் அல்லது அரசியலமைப்பில் முறையான மாற்றம்.

Amendment

/sattamasoda/

அவையில் விவாதிக்க முன்வைக்கப்படும் சட்ட வரைவு.

Bill

/avasaracchattam/

நாடாளுமன்றம் கூடாதபோது அரசால் வெளியிடப்படும் தற்காலிக சட்டம்.

Ordinance

/oppudhalalippu/

ஒப்பந்தம் அல்லது திருத்தத்திற்கு கொடுக்கப்படும் முறையான ஒப்புதல்.

Ratification

/tadaiyathigaram/

ஒரு மசோதாவை நிராகரிக்கும் அரசியலமைப்பு உரிமை.

Veto

/kuraindabatcha ennikai/

அவை நடத்த தேவையான குறைந்த உறுப்பினர்கள் எண்ணிக்கை.

Quorum

/kootani/

ஆட்சி அமைக்க இணையும் கட்சிகளின் கூட்டமைப்பு.

Coalition

/etirkkatchi/

ஆளும் கட்சிக்கு எதிராக அவையில் அமரும் கட்சிகள்.

Opposition

/thoguthi/

ஒரு பிரதிநிதியை தேர்ந்தெடுக்கும் வாக்காளர் பகுதி.

Constituency

/vaakaalar ani/

நாட்டின் தகுதியான வாக்காளர்கள் அனைவரும் கொண்ட பிரிவு.

Electorate

/theerpaayam/

குறிப்பிட்ட துறை சார்ந்த சர்ச்சைகளை விசாரிக்கும் சிறப்பு நீதி அமைப்பு.

Tribunal

/vaadi/

வழக்கைத் தொடுக்கும் தரப்பு.

Plaintiff

/etiraali/

வழக்கு தொடரப்படும் தரப்பு.

Defendant

/tadaiyaanai/

ஒரு செயலைச் செய்ய அல்லது நிறுத்த நீதிமன்றம் வழங்கும் ஆணை.

Injunction

/urutimoli pattiram/

சத்தியத்தின் கீழ் சாட்சியமாக சமர்ப்பிக்கப்படும் எழுத்துப்பூர்வ அறிக்கை.

Affidavit

/naduvar theerpaayvu/

நடுநிலை நடுவரின் முடிவு மூலம் சர்ச்சை தீர்க்கப்படுதல்.

Arbitration

/samarasam/

மூன்றாம் தரப்பின் உதவியுடன் சர்ச்சையாளர்களுக்கிடையே ஏற்படும் ஒப்பந்தம்.

Mediation

/oppadaippu/

குற்றவாளியை விசாரணைக்காக ஒரு நாடு மற்றொரு நாட்டிற்கு ஒப்படைத்தல்.

Extradition

/pothu manippu/

குற்றவாளிகளின் ஒரு பிரிவுக்கு அரசால் வழங்கப்படும் அதிகாரப்பூர்வ மன்னிப்பு.

Amnesty

/kutramatra theerpu/

நீதிமன்றம் குற்றமற்றவர் என அறிவித்தல்.

Acquittal

/kutrappathirikai/

ஒரு நபர் மீது குற்றம் சாட்டும் முறையான எழுத்துப் பத்திரிக்கை.

Indictment

/poyichchathiyam/

சத்தியத்திற்குப் பிறகும் வேண்டுமென்றே பொய் கூறுதல்.

Perjury

/varavucelavu thittam/

அரசின் வருடாந்திர வரவு-செலவுத் திட்டம்.

Budget

/varividhippu/

அரசால் வரிகளை விதித்து வசூலிக்கும் முறை.

Taxation

/maaniyam/

விலைகளை குறைக்க அல்லது ஒரு துறைக்கு உதவ அரசால் வழங்கப்படும் நிதி.

Subsidy

/sunga vari/

இறக்குமதி அல்லது ஏற்றுமதி மீது அரசால் விதிக்கப்படும் வரி.

Tariff

/patraakkurai/

வருவாயை விட செலவு அதிகமாக இருத்தல்.

Deficit

/upari/

செலவை விட வருவாய் அதிகமாக இருத்தல்.

Surplus

/varuvaai/

வரிகள் மற்றும் கட்டணங்கள் மூலம் அரசுக்கு கிடைக்கும் வருமானம்.

Revenue

/celaveenam/

ஒரு காலகட்டத்தில் செய்யப்பட்ட மொத்த செலவு.

Expenditure

/neermai/

ஒரு சொத்தை எளிதாக பணமாக மாற்றும் திறன்.

Liquidity

/kattukkadangkal thiran/

நீண்டகால கடன்களைச் செலுத்தும் திறன்.

Solvency

/mathippirakkam/

நாட்டு நாணயத்தின் மதிப்பை வேண்டுமென்றே குறைத்தல்.

Devaluation

/thekkap panaveekkam/

மெதுவான வளர்ச்சியுடன் அதிக பணவீக்கம் ஒன்றாக நிகழ்தல்.

Stagflation

/ookuvippu thogai/

தேவையை அதிகரிக்க அரசு அறிவிக்கும் நிதி நடவடிக்கைகள்.

Stimulus

/thaniyaarmayamaakkal/

பொதுத்துறை நிறுவனத்தை தனியார் துறைக்கு மாற்றுதல்.

Privatisation

/thoothar/

ஒரு நாட்டின் சார்பாக மற்றொரு நாட்டில் உள்ள உச்ச ராஜதந்திரி.

Ambassador

/thootharagam/

வெளிநாட்டில் தூதரின் அதிகாரப்பூர்வ அலுவலகம்.

Embassy

/uchchi maanaadu/

அரசுத் தலைவர்களின் உயர்மட்டக் கூட்டம்.

Summit

/udanpaadu/

இரு அல்லது அதற்கு மேற்பட்ட தரப்பினருக்கிடையே முறையான ஒப்பந்தம்.

Accord

/nerimuray/

முக்கிய ஒப்பந்தத்திற்கு துணையாக ஏற்படும் கூடுதல் ஒப்பந்தம்.

Protocol

/anicheraamai/

எந்த ஒரு பிரதான அணியிலும் சேராமல் இருக்கும் கொள்கை.

Non-alignment

/tadai/

ஒரு நாட்டுடனான வர்த்தகத்தின் மீது விதிக்கப்படும் அரசுத் தடை.

Embargo

/mutrugai/

துறைமுகம் அல்லது எல்லையை இராணுவ ரீதியாக மூடுதல்.

Blockade

/otraippakkavaadham/

ஒரு நாடு தனிமையில் வெளியுறவுக் கொள்கை இலக்குகளைப் பின்தொடரும் கோட்பாடு.

Unilateralism

/irubakkavaadham/

இரு இறையாண்மை அரசுகளுக்கிடையே நடைபெறும் உறவுகள்.

Bilateralism

/adaikkalam/

துன்புறுத்தலில் இருந்து தப்பிய அயல்நாட்டினருக்கு வழங்கப்படும் பாதுகாப்பு.

Asylum

/agathi/

போர், துன்புறுத்தல் அல்லது பேரிடரால் நாட்டை விட்டு வெளியேறும் நபர்.

Refugee

/vanakkam/

The iconic Tamil greeting, said with palms joined.

/nalamaa/

Asking if someone is well; the reply is nalam, I am well.

/nalam/

Wellness; the standard reply to nalama.

/kaalai vanakkam/

A morning greeting, literally morning salutation.

/iravu vanakkam/

An evening or night greeting.

/poi varugiren/

The beautiful Tamil farewell — never just go, always go and come back.

/meendum sandhippom/

A warm farewell, literally we will meet again.

/nandri/

The standard expression of gratitude.

/paravaayillai/

The easy-going reply to thanks or apologies — also means not bad!

/mannikkavum/

A polite apology, also used to get someone's attention.

/aam/

An affirmative answer; spoken Tamil often says aamaa.

/illai/

A negative answer; also negates sentences.

/sari/

The all-purpose Tamil word for okay, fine, correct.

/en peyar/

Used to introduce yourself; en peyar ... .

/sandhithathil magizhchi/

Said when meeting someone, literally joy in having met.

/nalvaravu/

Used to welcome guests, literally good arrival.

/vaazhthukkal/

Wishes of blessing for birthdays, weddings, and success.

/enakku puriyavillai/

A useful phrase for learners when something is unclear.

/ondru/

The number one.

/irandu/

The number two.

/moondru/

The number three.

/naangu/

The number four.

/ainthu/

The number five.

/aaru/

The number six; the same word also means river!

/ezhu/

The number seven.

/ettu/

The number eight.

/onbathu/

The number nine.

/pathu/

The number ten.

/nooru/

The number one hundred.

/aayiram/

The number one thousand; Tamil literature spans two thousand years.

/indru/

The present day.

/naalai/

The day after today.

/netru/

The day before today.

/ippothu/

At the present moment.

/mani/

An hour or the time; also means a bell.

/nimidam/

A period of sixty seconds.

/vaaram/

A period of seven days.

/varudam/

A period of twelve months; the Tamil year starts with Puthandu in April.

/kudumbam/

A group of people related by blood or marriage.

/amma/

Mother — the first and dearest Tamil word.

/appa/

Father.

/annan/

An older brother; also a respectful address for older men.

/akka/

An older sister; also a respectful address for older women.

/thambi/

A younger brother; also a friendly address for younger men.

/thangai/

A younger female sibling.

/magan/

A male child.

/magal/

A female child.

/thatha/

The father of your parent.

/paatti/

The mother of your parent; paatti's cooking is legendary.

/kanavar/

The man a woman is married to.

/manaivi/

The woman a man is married to.

/kuzhandhai/

A young child or baby.

/nanban/

A person you know well and like; a female friend is thozhi.

/aan/

An adult male person.

/pen/

An adult female person, or a girl.

/aasiriyar/

A person who teaches.

/thanneer/

The clear liquid essential for life; spoken Tamil says thanni.

/theneer/

Tea, literally honey-water; everyday Tamil just says tea.

/kaapi/

Filter kaapi in a steel tumbler — a South Indian institution.

/saadham/

Cooked rice, the staple of every Tamil meal.

/idli/

The soft steamed rice cake, king of the Tamil breakfast.

/dosai/

The crisp golden crepe loved across the world.

/rotti/

Bread or flatbread; chapati and parotta are favorites.

/kari/

Curry or meat — the Tamil word that gave English the word curry.

/kozhi/

A chicken, or chicken meat.

/meen/

Fish — meen kuzhambu is a coastal classic.

/muttai/

An egg laid by a hen.

/kaaikari/

Plants grown for food.

/pazham/

Sweet plant foods such as mangoes and bananas.

/maampazham/

The king of fruits; Salem mangoes are famous.

/paal/

A white drink; paal also flavors sweet payasam.

/saaru/

Fruit juice; also the thin rasam-like broth.

/sarkkarai/

A sweet substance; Pongal is sweetened with jaggery.

/uppu/

A white seasoning; Gandhi's salt march ended at a Tamil shore? No — but uppu is history-laden.

/kaalai unavu/

The morning meal — idli, dosai, pongal, vadai!

/madhiya unavu/

The midday meal, often a full banana-leaf spread.

/iravu unavu/

The evening meal.

/vimaana nilayam/

A place where airplanes take off and land.

/vimaanam/

A flying vehicle with wings and engines.

/rayil/

A connected line of carriages that runs on rails.

/nilayam/

A place where trains or buses stop for passengers.

/perundhu/

A large road vehicle; everyday Tamil just says bus.

/aatto/

The yellow three-wheeler buzzing through every Tamil town.

/taaksi/

A car you pay to be driven somewhere in.

/hottal/

A hotel — in Tamil Nadu, hotel also means a restaurant!

/unavagam/

A place where you pay to eat, literally food place.

/nagaram/

A large town where many people live and work.

/kiraamam/

A small settlement in the countryside.

/saalai/

A way for vehicles and people.

/paasport/

An official document needed for traveling abroad.

/tikket/

A piece of paper that allows you to travel or enter a place.

/varaipadam/

A drawing showing streets, cities, or countries.

/vangi/

A place where people keep and borrow money.

/sandhai/

A place where goods are sold; Koyambedu is Asia's biggest flower market.

/kadarkarai/

The seashore; Chennai's Marina is among the world's longest urban beaches.

/sooriyan/

The star that gives Earth light and warmth; honored at Pongal.

/nilaa/

The moon — nila nila odi vaa, the beloved lullaby.

/natchathiram/

A point of light in the night sky; also means a film star.

/vaanam/

The space above the earth where clouds and stars appear.

/kadal/

The sea — ancient Tamils sailed it for trade two thousand years ago.

/malai/

A mountain; the Nilgiris are the famous blue mountains.

/kaadu/

A large area covered with trees.

/maram/

A tall plant with a trunk, branches, and leaves.

/poo/

A flower; jasmine strings perfume every Tamil street.

/mazhai/

Rain — awaited, celebrated, and sung about in Tamil.

/pani/

Snow, frost, mist, or dew — the cold white family of words.

/kaatru/

Moving air, or the air itself.

/vaanilai/

The condition of the air, literally sky-state.

/vilangu/

A living creature such as a dog, bird, or fish.

/puli/

The tiger — emblem of Tamil valor since Chola times.

/udambu/

The whole physical structure of a person.

/thalai/

The top part of the body; thalaivar means leader!

/kan/

The part of the body used for seeing; kanmani, eye's jewel, is an endearment.

/kaadhu/

The part of the body used for hearing.

/mookku/

The part of the face used for smelling and breathing.

/vaai/

The part of the face used for eating and speaking.

/kai/

The upper limb; Tamils traditionally eat with the right kai.

/kaal/

The lower limb used for walking.

/idhayam/

The organ that pumps blood, also the seat of feeling.

/mudi/

The hair on a person's head; jasmine adorns it.

/vayiru/

The front part of the body below the chest.

/maruthuvar/

A person trained to treat sick people.

/maruthuvamanai/

A place where sick people are treated.

/marundhu/

Something you take to treat an illness.

/aarokkiyam/

The condition of the body and mind.

/noi/

Sickness; noi illamal means free of illness.

/velai/

A job, or the activity of working.

/niruvanam/

A business organization that sells goods or services.

/aluvalagam/

A room or building where people work at desks.

/mudhalali/

The owner or boss at work.

/saga oozhiyar/

A person you work with.

/koottam/

A meeting — and also a crowd; context decides!

/panam/

Coins and banknotes used to buy things.

/sambalam/

The money you receive regularly for your work.

/kanini/

An electronic machine; everyday Tamil also says computer.

/tholaipesi/

A device used for calling, literally far-speaker; everyday Tamil says phone.

/thittam/

A planned piece of work with a clear goal.

/vaadikkaiyaalar/

A person who buys goods or services regularly.

/oppandham/

A formal written agreement.

/melaalar/

The person who leads a company, shop, or team.

/thozhirchaalai/

A building where goods are made with machines.

/varalaaru/

The study of past events; Chola, Pandya, and Pallava kingdoms shine in it.

/mozhi/

A system of words; Tamil is among the world's oldest living languages.

/puthagam/

Written pages bound together; the Thirukkural is the Tamil classic.

/isai/

Music — from ancient Carnatic ragas to Ilaiyaraaja and Rahman.

/thiraippadam/

A film; Kollywood is Tamil cinema's world.

/kalai/

Creative work; Bharatanatyam is the classical Tamil dance art.

/arungaatchiyagam/

A building where important objects and art are shown.

/thiruvizha/

A temple festival or celebration, with lights, music, and crowds.

/pongal/

The Tamil harvest festival in January — and the sweet rice dish itself.

/madham/

Belief in and worship of a god or gods.

/seidhi/

Reports about recent events.

/samoogam/

People living together in an organized community.

/irukka/

To exist or to be somewhere.

/vendum/

Expresses want or need; enakku vendum means I want.

/pogha/

To move from one place to another.

/vara/

To move toward the speaker or a place.

/saappida/

To eat; saappitiya — have you eaten — is a daily greeting of care.

/kudikka/

To take liquid into your mouth and swallow it.

/paarkka/

To notice something with your eyes.

/ketka/

To hear or listen — and also to ask!

/pesa/

To say words, to talk.

/padikka/

To read or to study.

/ezhutha/

To form letters and words; Tamil script curves to spare palm leaves.

/vaanga/

To get something by paying money; also the welcoming word — come!

/virka/

To give something in exchange for money.

/seiya/

To perform an action or create something.

/velai seiya/

To do a job, literally to do work.

/yosikka/

To use your mind to form ideas or opinions.

/kaadhalikka/

To love romantically; kaadhal is the great theme of Tamil poetry.

/pidikka/

To find something pleasant; enakku pidikkum means I like it.

/karka/

To gain knowledge; karka kasadara — learn flawlessly, says the Kural.

/theriya/

To have knowledge; enakku theriyum means I know.

/kodukka/

To hand something to someone.

/edukka/

To pick something up or accept it.

/theda/

To try to find something.

/udhava/

To make something easier for someone.

/aarambikka/

To start doing something.

/mudikka/

To bring something to an end.

/thoonga/

To rest with your eyes closed at night.

/utkaara/

To rest on a seat.

/nalla/

Of high quality or pleasant.

/ketta/

Of poor quality or morally bad.

/periya/

Of great size; periyar means the great one.

/siriya/

Of little size.

/pudhiya/

Recently made or bought.

/pazhaiya/

Having existed for a long time.

/ilam/

Not old, in an early stage of life.

/uyaramaana/

Of great height.

/kuttai/

Of little height.

/neelamaana/

Of great length.

/soodaana/

Having a high temperature.

/kulirndha/

Having a low temperature.

/vegamaana/

Moving or happening quickly.

/medhuvaana/

Moving or happening without speed.

/vilai uyarndha/

Costing a lot of money.

/malivaana/

Costing little money.

/azhagaana/

Very pleasing to look at; azhagu is beauty itself.

/elidhaana/

Not difficult to do or understand.

/kadinamaana/

Hard to do or understand.

/mukkiyamaana/

Having great value or significance.

/suthamaana/

Free from dirt.

/inippaana/

Sweet in taste; Tamil itself is praised as sweet — inimaiyaana Tamil.

/enna/

Used to ask about things; enna a famous Chennai hello too!

/yaar/

Used to ask about people.

/enge/

Used to ask about places.

/eppodhu/

Used to ask about time.

/yen/

Used to ask about reasons.

/eppadi/

Used to ask about manner; eppadi irukkinga — how are you!

/evvalavu/

Used to ask about quantity or price.

/edhu/

Used to ask about a choice between things.

/yaarudaiya/

Used to ask about ownership.

/-aa/

Added to the end of a word to make a yes/no question — nalamaa?

/veedu/

A building where people live, or your home.

/arai/

A space inside a building with its own walls.

/samaiyalarai/

The room where food is prepared.

/kuliyalarai/

The room for bathing.

/padukkaiyarai/

The room where you sleep.

/kadhavu/

The entrance to a room or building.

/jannal/

An opening in a wall with glass that lets in light.

/mesai/

A piece of furniture with a flat top.

/naarkaali/

A seat with a back, literally four legs.

/padukkai/

A piece of furniture for sleeping.

/udai/

Things you wear; the sari and veshti are classics.

/seruppu/

Sandals or shoes; always left outside the temple and home.

/saavi/

A metal object used to open locks.

/kadigaaram/

A device that shows the time.

/tholaikkaatchi/

A device for watching programmes, literally far-vision; everyday Tamil says TV.

/vilakku/

A lamp — the oil kuthuvilakku lights every auspicious occasion.

/pai/

A container with handles for carrying things.

/samaikka/

To prepare food by heating it.

/kadai/

A place where goods are sold; the tea kadai is the social hub.

/vaara irudhi/

The end of the week, Saturday and Sunday.

/magizhchi/

The feeling of being happy.

/sogam/

The feeling of being unhappy.

/kobam/

The feeling of strong displeasure.

/bayam/

The feeling of being afraid.

/sorvu/

The state of needing rest.

/pasi/

The need to eat; enakku pasikkudhu means I am hungry.

/thaagam/

The need to drink.

/kavalai/

The feeling of being anxious; kavalai padaadhe — don't worry!

/salippu/

The feeling that something is not interesting.

/urchaagam/

The feeling of eager energy.

/aachariyam/

The feeling of wonder at something unexpected.

/anbu/

Love and kindness — anbu is the heart of Tamil culture.

/nambikkai/

The feeling that something good will happen, and trust in others.